8 -Ashta has major significance in Hinduism!
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[h=1]SIGNIFICANCE OF NUMBER 8 IN HINDUISM[/h]
Numbers are believed to be symbols in Hinduism and each has its own power and significance. Numbers are part of rituals and practices of religion and used to meditate upon.
There is a popular superstition that
Ashtami and
Navami, the eighth and ninth day of the fortnight following the New and Full Moon, are inauspicious. However, both the numberseight and nine have great significance in Hindu life and philosophy.
To begin with the number 8 and
Ashtami is associated with Lord Krishna. He was the eighth child and the eighth avatar of Lord Vishnu. He was also born on
Ashtami tithi, the eighth day after the full moon, the dark half or Krishna
Paksha under Rohini Nakshatra in the monthof Shravana in the Hindu calendar.
Eight or Ashtamam
In the earliest Vedic texts there are references to eight
Adityas, the solar Gods who are the sons of Aditi: Mitra, Varuna, Aryaman, Amia, Bhaga, Dhatar, Indra, Vivsvant.
In the Vedas there are eight
Rudras called Bhava, Sarva, Isana, Pasupathi, Bhima, Ugra, Mahadeva and Rudra. These are the gods of thunder and rain, the monsoon gods. They were feared by people as the monsoon heralded diseases and infections, floods and natural calamities.
Ashta Vinayak
There are eight forms of
Ganesha called
Maha-ganapati, Varada-vinayaka, Chintamani-vinayaka, Girijatmaja-vinayaka, Vighneswara, Bala-vinayaka and
Siddhi-vinayaka. In Maharashtra there is a famous pilgrimage to 8 shrines of Ganapathi including a
Swayambhuin a cave deep in the hills.
Ashtalakshmi
The consort of Vishnu, Goddess Lakshmi is also depicted in eight forms. The most popular forms are those found in the
Shri Ashtalakshmi Stotram:
Adi Lakshmi (primeval),
Dhanya Laskhmi (of grains),
Dhairya Laskhmi (courage),
Gaja Laskhmi (with elephants),
Santana Laskhmi (of children),
Vijaya Laskhmi (of success),
Vidya Laskhmi (one with knowledge) and
Dhana Laskhmi (goddess of wealth).
Ashta Lakshmis are always worshipped in a group in homes and temples.
Eight shaktis of Lord Vishnu are associated with the Ashta Lakshmis. The
devis are
Sridevi(money),
Bhudevi (land),
Sarasvathi (knowledge),
Priti (happiness),
Kirti (fame),
Shanti(peace),
Tushti (satisfaction) and
Pushti (health).
Durga’s eight arms
Durga, the Divine Mother is usually depicted with ten hands. Sometimes she is also shown as having eight arms that represent health, education, wealth, organization, unity, fame, courage and truth. During Navratri, ashtami is celebrated as the day when Durga killed the evil demon Mahishasura. Special prayers are performed, people observe fasts and
ashta kanyas are worshipped and given auspicious things like the brown gram, suji halwa, puris and some money.
Lord Siva
Lord
Siva,
Ashamurthi is usually symbolised as a lingam surrounded by eight petals (
ashta dalo pariveshtitha lingam) signifying consciousness and awareness. Siva is also described ineight peaceful and eight Rudra forms. The eight peaceful forms are:
Saumya or
anugrahamurthi; Ugra,
rudra or
samhara murthi; nritta or
tandava murthi;
dakshinamurthi; lingodbhava murthi; bhikshatana murthi;
haryardha murthiand
ardhanariswara murthi.
His eight rudra forms are:
Kankala Bhairavar, Gajasuravadha murthi, Tripurantaka murthi, Sarabheswara murthi, Kalari murthi, Kamantaka murthi and Andhakasura-vadha murthi.
Attendants of Indra
The Vedas mention Lord Indra’s have eight attendants called the
Vasus. They are Dhara (earth), Anala (fire), Apa (waters), Anila (wind), Dhruva (north star), Soma (moon), Prabhasa (dawn) and Pratyusha (light).
Ashtadik- Ashta Dikpalas
The
astadikpalas were Vedic lords who rule the eight quarters of the world based on the directions of space. They are popularly known as Dikpalas – the protectors of the quarters – or Lokpalas – the protectors the world. They are Indra (Lord of east), Varuna (Lord of west), Kubera (Lord of north), Yama (Lord of south), Agni (Lord of southeast), Niruthi (Lord ofsouthwest), Isana (Lord of northeast) and Vayu (Lord of northwest). The qualities and the respective directions that they signify is an important part of
vastushastra (architecture) and temple construction.
ASHTALINGAMS OF ARUNACHALA
The Giri Pradakshina, or circumambulation of the hill at Thiruvannamalai is an important partof the worship. It also includes the Ashta lingadharshanam. These eight lingams are symmetrically placed at each geographical direction, the
ashtadik, oriented from the mountain of Arunachala. So when the Giri pradakshina is performed, the cardinal deity, the
Ashta Dik Palakas, are propitiated when that particular direction is undertaken to bless the journey and keep the traveller safe from danger. The deities too have a special connection with Shiva and have been consecrated at each spot.
1. EAST – INDRA LINGAM is situated on Car street in Tiruvannamalai close to the eastern Gopuram and the vegetable market.
2. SOUTH-EAST – AGNI LINGAM--the god of Fire who is invoked when Homams are performed, is situated on Seshadri street, near the ashram on Chengam road.
3. SOUTH – YAMA LINGAM-the god of death, who is associated with Savitri and the young teenage boy Markandeya, both ardent devotees of Shiva, can be found beside the cremation grounds on Chengam road.
4. SOUTH-WEST – NIRUDHI LINGAM, the king of the Asuras, is situated on the
girivalam path just after Sonagiri and
Shanthimalai compounds.
5. WEST – VARUNA LINGAM, the god of rain, waters, rivers, lakes and oceans and is also situated on the
girivalam path 1 km. before the village of Adi Annamalai.
6. NORTH-WEST – VAYU LINGAM, the god of wind, is situated next to Gosalai on the
girivalam path. In this temple the pilgrim is greeted by a rush of wind!
7. NORTH – KUBERA LINGAM, god of wealth and prosperity, the chief of the yakshas. Legend says that Lord Kubera worships himself Arunachala for sustaining his wealth. The templecan be found at the end of the
girivalam path before reaching the town.
8. NORTH-EAST – ISANYA LINGAM, is one of the Rudras of Shiva. This temple is on the road to town next to the old cremation grounds by the new bus stand.
The Ashtavakra Gita
Ashtavakra was a sage who was born with "eight bends" in his body. He is proof that mental agility and wisdom have nothing to do with physical deformity.
He was known to be an intelligent and spiritually enlightened
Rishi. Sage Uddalaka had a pupil called Kahoda and gave his daughter Sujata in marriage to him. Sujata, was pregnant and wanted her child to imbibe spirituality and intelligence. So she attended her father’s classes and listened to their chanting of mantras. The child in the womb began to squirm at the mistakes in the pronunciation of the mantras recited by his father Kahoda. Sujatha informed her husband about this on eight occasions. Kahoda got annoyed and perceiving this erudition of his son as arrogance, cursed the foetus to be born with eight deformities and was named Ashtavakra (Eight Bends).
The Song of Ashtavakra, or
Ashtavakra Samhita is an Advaita Vedanta text that is a dialogue between the Ashtavakra and Janaka, the King of Mithila. The work was an important philosophy used by Ramakrishna Paramahansa, Vivekananda and Ramana Maharshi.
Shashtanga Namaskar
The most significant salutation that can be offered to a deity or an elder is the
shashtanga namaskaram. It is performed with the totally prone position, with the entire body stretched face down, flat on the floor with all the eight limbs. It is not only a mark ofrespect but signifies total surrender.
Ashtanga yoga
The science of yoga has eight fold qualities and is called
ashtanga yoga. The individual aspect are
yama (control),
niyama (rules),
asana (postures),
pranayama (breathing practice),
pratyahara (withdrawal of senses),
dharana (concentration),
dhyana(meditation) and
samaadhi (state of total concentration).
Ashtavadhani
Avadhanam, a literary accomplishment has been popular from ancient times in Sanskrit, Telugu and Kannada. This tests a person's capability of performing memory intensive, multiple tasks simultaneously. The performer has to necessarily have an in depth knowledgeof literature, and prosody. The tasks may vary from composing a poem spontaneously to keeping the count of a bell ringing at random. No external memory aids were allowed like a writing instrument or record keeper while performing these tasks.
Avadhani is the individual who performs the Avadhanam. The group who pose the queries to the performer are called the prucchaka, or questioners. The number of Prucchakas are usually 8 and so a person who has successfully performed the Ashtavadhanam is called as
Ashtavadhani,
Eight Concepts
Vedic texts mention many other concepts like eight types of sexual enjoyment; duties of a king; qualities of a Brahman; eight ears of Brahma that are associated with
sruthi and
smrithi;
ashta elephants guarding the eight quarters;
ashtadhatu, an alloy made of eightmetals; eight auspicious encounters, omens or visions; eight mediums of worship—water, sandalwood paste, flowers, incenses, light, grains, sweets and fruit and eight types ofmisfortunes.
The more that a scholar delves into Hindu religion and philosophy, everything is explained in a logical and rational manner. The mistaken associations of number eight with negative events and occurrences are disproved with the many positive aspects of the digit.
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