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Foreign writer opens our eyes - The Hindu

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CLN

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I found a mail today in my Inbox which makes a very shocking reading. I am reproducing the contents for all to read and react.

Religious and Charitable Endowment Act of 1951 allows State Governments and politicians to take over thousands of Hindu Temples and maintain complete control over them and their properties. It is claimed that they can sell the temple assets and properties and use the money in any way they choose.

A charge has been made not by any Temple authority, but by a foreign writer, Stephen Knapp in a book (Crimes Against India and the Need to Protect Ancient Vedic Tradition) published in the United States that makes shocking reading.

Hundreds of temples in centuries past have been built in India by devout rulers and the donations given to them by devotees have been used for the benefit of the (other) people. If, presently, money collected has ever been misused (and that word needs to be defined), it is for the devotees to protest and not for any government to interfere. This letter is what has been happening currently under an intrusive law. It would seem, for instance, that under a Temple Empowerment Act, about 43,000 temples in Andhra Pradesh have come under government control and only 18 per cent of the revenue of these temples have been returned for temple purposes, the remaining 82 per cent being used for purposes unstated.

Apparently even the world famous Tirumala Tirupati Temple has not been spared. According to Knapp, the temple collects over Rs 3,100 crores every year and the State Government has not denied the charge that as much as 85 per cent of this is transferred to the State Exchequer, much of which goes to causes that are not connected with the Hindu community. Was it for that reason that devotees make their offering to the temples? Another charge that has been made is that the Andhra Government has also allowed the demolition of at least ten temples for the construction of a golf course. Imagine the outcry writes Knapp, if ten mosques had been demolished.

It would seem that in Karanataka, Rs. 79 crores were collected from about two lakh temples and from that, temples received Rs seven crores for their maintenance, Muslim madrassahs and Haj subsidy were given Rs 59 crore and churches about Rs 13 crore. Very generous of the government.

Because of this, Knapp writes, 25 per cent of the two lakh temples or about 50,000 temples in Karnataka will be closed down for lack of resources, and he adds: The only way the government can continue to do this is because people have not stood up enough to stop it.

Knapp then refers to Kerala where, he says, funds from the Guruvayur Temple are diverted to other government projects denying improvement to 45 Hindu temples. Land belonging to the Ayyappa Temple, apparently has been grabbed and Church encroaches are occupying huge areas of forest land, running into thousands of acres, near Sabarimala.

A charge is made that the Communist state government of Kerala. wants to pass an Ordinance to disband the Travancore & Cochin Autonomous Devaswom Boards (TCDBs) and take over their limited independent authority of 1,800 Hindu temples. If what the author says is true, even the Maharashtra Government wants to take over some 450,000 temples in the state which would supply a huge amount of revenue to correct the states bankrupt
conditions

And to top it all, Knapp says that in Orissa, the state government intends to sell over 70,000 acres of endowment lands from the Jagannath Temple, the proceeds of which would solve a huge financial crunch brought about by its own mismanagement of temple assets.

Says Knapp: Why such occurrences are so often not known is that the Indian media, especially the English television and press, are often anti-Hindu in their approach, and thus not inclined to give much coverage, and certainly no sympathy, for anything that may affect the Hindu community. Therefore, such government action that play against the Hindu community go on without much or any attention attracted to them.

Knapp obviously is on record. If the facts produced by him are incorrect, it is up to the government to say so. It is quite possible that some individuals might have set up temples to deal with lucrative earnings. But that, surely, is none of the governments business? Instead of taking over all earnings, the government surely can appoint local committees to look into temple affairs so that the amount discovered is fairly used for the public good?

Says Knapp: Nowhere in the free, democratic world are the religious institutions managed, maligned and controlled by the government, thus denying the religious freedom of the people of the country. But it is happening in India. Government officials have taken control of Hindu temples because they smell money in them, they recognise the indifference of Hindus, they are aware of the unlimited patience and tolerance of Hindus, they also know that it is not in the blood of Hindus to go to the streets to demonstrate, destroy property, threaten, loot, harm and kill
Many Hindus are sitting and watching the demise of their culture. They need to express their views loud and clear Knapp obviously does not know that should they do so, they would be damned as communalists. But it is time some one asked the Government to lay down all the facts on the table so that the public would know what is happening behind its back. Robbing Peter to pay Paul is not secularism. And temples are not for looting, under any name. One thought that Mohammad of Ghazni has long been dead.
 
they recognise the indifference of Hindus,

Dear Shri CLN,

The whole matter gets more than adequately explained by just the above phrase, IMHO. Hindus are after the godmen, godwomen, gurus and Swamijis who proliferate in the religious scene today. The Hindus have no time or patience to go to the myriad temples which Mr. Stephen Knapp very cleverly talks about. Take for example Kerala; many temples are near bankrupt for want of followers and income. Sabarimala and Guruvayoor are the only two "gods" who are "earning members" of the large family of Kerala gods. So, what can be wrong if the Government decides, in its wisdom, to sell off the other temples themselves? I for one will not find any fault. Unless we get the other side of the coin, we should not come to a quick judgment based solely on Knapp's write-up. This is my view.
 
"So, what can be wrong if the Government decides, in its wisdom, to sell off the other temples themselves? I for one will not find any fault. Unless we get the other side of the coin, we should not come to a quick judgment based solely on Knapp's write-up. This is my view." asked Sangom Sir.

Exactly.. if an Elected Gov't decides on a particular issue after a thorough discussion in the Assembly / Parliament (the Peoples' Houses), where's the problem?

Please enlighten me, Dear CLN Sir.

At this point, let me remind you that many of the English speaking citizens in India don't vote in the Elections - they don't need the local or national Gov't for their personal or professional lives.

Who mostly votes in Elections? Lower middle class and the poor mostly. Their Representatives work for THEM not for ALL.

Why would they work for ALL, anyway?

Again, what's your Solution for the issue raised here? Where's your Critical Mass to make the needed Reform of the Endowments?

Cheers.

Regards

Y
 
Shri CLN Sir,

The Religious and Charitable Endowment Act of 1951 does not allow "individuals" like politicians to take over temples. It allows only the Government to take over temples.

If we go back in time, kingdoms also functioned in a similar way. Town-building was centred around Temples. Historically groups of people cleared large tracts of land. Then trade guilds wud lend money to the 'king' and his men to start building a temple. This money wud be spent to bring, settle and pay those well versed in temple-architecture (sthapatya shastra), for purchase of material, etc. This wud jump-start cash flow.

As people start settling in the town, they wud bring with them their skills. Soon the town wud have farmers (irrigating land owned by the state), barbers, vaidyas (physicians), hawkers and traders manufacturing and selling all sorts of goods, etc.

In effect, the temple was owned by the state, and financed by money-lenders. It was like a business. Income obtained from the temple could be utilized in any manner as deemed right by the state or the king. Apart from temple-maintainence, the returns could be used to finance other projects such as constructing water channels, or small dams, purchase of weapons, constructing other buildings like forts, palaces, etc.

We have heard some stories of kings getting a dream and building a temple at some spots. It possibly merely means that 'that particular' king was responsible for creation of that town.

Priests wud get maintainence from the state. They did not own temples themselves. There used to be chaturvedi mangalams, and the priests were generally those well versed in agama shastras, or those in shrauta sutras, brahmanas (texts), etc. Priests in south-india generally had nothing to do with dharmashastras, i feel (have corrected a typo in this post).

Also if we look at the idols in the temple, usually these are 'warrior' gods and goddesses. Not bramins or priests. It wud seem like the 'king' and his men (warriors) were commemorating a member of their clan by building a temple for him. The temples were always state-owned.

Regards.
 
I am glad that this thread has prompted members to chip in their different views on the matter so that more understanding may result - the very purpose I started it for.

As Shri Sangom has pointed out, there can be no gainsaying the fact that this situation has been brought upon by Hindus themselves, by their 'indifference'. We may have to do some thing about 'that', not to simply wail over the situation, IMHO. I, like many others perhaps, am concerned about it, but obtaining a 'critical mass', as demanded by Shri Yamaka, may have to be consensus decision, not that of any individual.

What I feel more important for us to feel disturbed about is NOT about who runs these 'unprofitable' outfits these myriads of temples today are, but how these State Governments are siphoning off the gains made in the 'profitable' outfits and spend them elsewhere. The question is: Are these Governments right in playing 'Rob Peter to pay Paul' games?

So, IMO, it is NOT about who runs things, but, rather, what is done with the income. Perhaps the Governments may have to keep the corpus distinct (without absorbing it into their general exchequer), constitute separate high-power supervisory 'watchdog' kind of bodies, both to approve and monitor expenditure from the corpus, so that gross diversions of incomes from collections and sale of properties, as has been pointed out by Stephen Knapp, may not recur.
 
happyhindu: The temples were always state-owned.

I do agree, madam!

Your post makes it clear that the incomes from the temples were not misused but were only spent on public welfare schemes. Priests etc. were maintained by the State through 'maanyam' etc.

So, in today's scenario also, it should be possible to devise ways not to let the temple incomes to go into construction of mosques and churches and distilleries and what not, but for education, better roads, hygiene, health care etc.
 
I found a mail today in my Inbox which makes a very shocking reading.
Dear CLN sir, from the posts you have made in this forum I know you are one who values equality, rationality, and all that is wholesome in a humanistic way, and for that reason I only have the greatest of regard for you. So, I take this liberty, and please permit me to submit to you, sir, don't believe everything this Stephen Knapp says. He is a person with an agenda that is not good for India.

The income from Thriumala temple goes to support a lot of religious activities, they are among the most generous supporters of Vedic scholarship -- which IMO is not good, more of which must go for the uplift of least among us, but that is just me, what else can you expect from an atheist :).

The temples that suffer from lack of funds are the ones that have lost popular patronage, nothing to do with the government. In fact, there are many Brahmnical publications that specialize in popularizing obscure temples by promoting one benefit or another. There are astrologers who are hand-in-glove with the priests of some of these temples. The ones that are not very popular suffer from lack of income. This has nothing to do with what Knapp makes out as some sort of diabolical design of secular government.

with very best regards, Cheers!
 
Dear Shri CLN,

Temples and the idols within have, in my experience, good and bad times like we humans. As Shri Nara rightly says, the astrologer- priest link is very much alive and throbbing which should make any idol in any godforsaken temple also to turn prosperous, if only that god has minimum marketability and/or locational advantage. Hence the non-income earning temples may be considered as equivalent to the "gone concerns" with no chance of rehabilitation. Perhaps what the (elected) governments may do is to announce that such temples will be reverted to a committee of local hindus and if they are unable to make it profitable in say, 3 or 5 years, the said temple will be deemed to be non-existent and its assets auctioned off.

My own hunch is that our hindu big-wigs will eagerly await the auction day for the land on which the temple is situate, rather than making it profitable once again ;)
 
I wonder why any scare mongering article which is circulated as propaganda catches the eyes of many people.

I had dealt with this issue in detail in the Temples, Temples thread.

The article indicates the lack of knowledge about Hindu temples, their evolution, history and ownership. And also how the government has stopped to a certain extent the loot of the temple by private groups and individuals for the last hundreds of years.

The thread I quoted earlier deals with these issues.

This thread is only a confirmation of my belief that not many read my posts.

Then again all of us tend to read only posts which connfirm our own opinion.
 
Shri Nacchinarkiniyan: This thread is only a confirmation of my belief that not many read my posts.

Dear Sir,

I don't think that one should feel unduly perturbed / disturbed by threads which may overlap to some extent with threads which have already appeared. For one thing, all people do not read all threads, and even if they read, they do not have the same level of interest in all subjects. Very often, it is some incident, or a news bit, or, some casual remark overheard some where, which triggers some thought process in most people. Some of us 'keyboard-happy' members (:)) shoot off some thing in the Forum, which other 'keyboard-happy' members, who are in tune, pick up and respond. And the merry round of discussions go on - some times, taking even unexpected twists and turns, as, more and more posts are made. There are quite a few threads, I have noticed, where, the original point made by the starter of the the thread is long forgotten, and entirely unconnected posts start pouring in.

As far as the present thread is concerned, nothing will be more gratifying and relief-giving, I believe, to all the genuinely concerned Tabras, if what this man Stephen Knapp tries to make out is not true.
 
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After the initial shock of reading what Stephen Knapp has written I feel much relieved to read Shri Sangom's and Shri Nara's postings in this connection. Shri Sangom has also given a practical suggestion, which, despite his pessimistic footnote on the possible attitude of some Hindu big-wigs and the notorious apathy of the Hindu orthodoxy towards any reformatory thought, still seems workable to me.
 
Yamaka: Who mostly votes in Elections? Lower middle class and the poor mostly. Their Representatives work for THEM not for ALL.

Why would they work for ALL, anyway?

Shri Yamaka,

May I give you a reason - in a jocular way, of course - why the elected representatives should work for "ALL" and not just only for "THEM"? It is just for the very reason why you think that they are justified not to work for ALL. Had all those "English speaking citizens", as you put it, really voted for their choices, the chances are that an entirely different set of representatives would have been elected. So, at least in sheer gratitude for NOT voting in the elections and thus making it possible for the not-too-worthy chaps to get to become "representatives", they must work for "ALL"? Isn't that so? (:))

Now, jokes apart, and more seriously, it indeed is a sad state of affairs that many 'high-brow' Indians think it not necessary to exercise their franchise. When will these (most probably) highly 'educated' people get educated?
 
Madam Renuka,
What about Tamil Nadu? Is there any reference about Tamil Nadu temples in the book? Of course,for information to me as welll as others and necessary action by someone/ a few who reads the same and bring it to the notice of the state Government for a reqply?. N.Rajagopalan, [email protected]
 
CLN Sir:

Although in theory we expect that our Representatives work for ALL people, in practice, they work for the people who vote for them, following the doctrine of mutual-help or mutual-benefit.. perhaps you know this better than anybody.

Again, you indicated elsewhere that some sort of "consensus" should come about in dealing with this Endowment Reform.. Consensus Politics is virtually non-existent, IMO. You have to move any issue with Massive Numbers if you want to see any movement at all.

You may have to start with "Ten Million Signatures For Endowment Reform" or "Rs 50 Crore Donations For Endowment Reform" etc etc to get the attention of the press (media) so that the masses will talk about it, and the political leadership will pay some attention to it. Just a thought.... he he he!

Elsewhere, I opined that the TBs must somehow rally around a charismatic leader to play a vital role in the voter-bank electoral politics in TN so that certain issues can be brought to the attention of the Ruling Leadership.. In fact, Religious Endowment Reform was one of the topics I had in mind when I wrote this in this forum. lol

Cheers.

Regards

Y
 
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Shri Yamaka,

May I give you a reason - in a jocular way, of course - why the elected representatives should work for "ALL" and not just only for "THEM"? It is just for the very reason why you think that they are justified not to work for ALL. Had all those "English speaking citizens", as you put it, really voted for their choices, the chances are that an entirely different set of representatives would have been elected. So, at least in sheer gratitude for NOT voting in the elections and thus making it possible for the not-too-worthy chaps to get to become "representatives", they must work for "ALL"? Isn't that so? (:))

Now, jokes apart, and more seriously, it indeed is a sad state of affairs that many 'high-brow' Indians think it not necessary to exercise their franchise. When will these (most probably) highly 'educated' people get educated?

Shri CLN,

I think "Shashi Tharoor's case" is a good example. It is very fresh. The tabra community of TVPM was fully behind Tharoor, and, just as in this forum, I was with the local CPI (M) candidate. My wife and I even discussed about it and we concluded that a high-brow Tharoor who does not know anything about TVPM, its people and their problems is best avoided. We voted just to cast two votes against Tharoor, mind you and we did not have any hopes of our CPIM candidate winning because of these two votes;)

One young relative had visited us soon after the voting day. When I told him my views on Tharoor, he virtually flared up. Later, after all the ignominy and ousting of Tharoor, I again met this young relative and asked him how he felt then. He graciously agreed that it was a lesson for him and he would prefer, in future, "a devil who knows us well" to "an angel from heaven"! Let one from among us represent us and not some exotic richie-rich fellow who does not even know what it is to eat ration rice!
 
Stephen Knapp's article raises the fundamental question whether Sanatana Dharma requires public, community places of worship i.e., Temples?

Whatever the causes for the origin of temples in India, their growth, the objectives/purposes they might have served in the historical past, etc., today in many people's view the temples serve the purpose of eminent sources of noise pollution and because of the "Temple-going-culture" of people, bhakti or devotion to Gods/Goddesses have come to be measured in decibels;).

While it is a fact that each temple affords employment to a certain minimum of (generally high caste) hindus, side-by-side these temples also play a crucial role in spreading and strengthening various supersticious beliefs and practices among the gullible masses. Next, the temples are a source of enormous wastage of valuable natural resources. Thus the total benefits accruing to the society seems to be dwindling continuously whereas the negative aspects are found increasing day by day.

I therefore feel that a certain norm of hindu population per temple should be drawn up on a national scale and the number of new temples should be controlled on that basis. On a very rough estimate - not based on any data or expertise - I feel one temple for 10 village panchayats or 10,000 population should be considered optimum.
 
Stephen Knapp's article raises the fundamental question whether Sanatana Dharma requires public, community places of worship i.e., Temples? ................................................. Thus the total benefits accruing to the society seems to be dwindling continuously whereas the negative aspects are found increasing day by day.

However unpalatable Shri Sangom's views on the relevance of temples (mosques and churches too!) may appear to be to many "orthodox" people, not to speak of only Tabras, the sound logic in what he says cannot be denied. One need not necessarily be an agnostic or an atheist to appreciate his POV in this matter. Come any festive occasion - be it the Ayyappa season, or Ganesh Chaturthi, or Durga Pooja, or the multi-various 'amman' festivities in Spring / Summer every year, or the local Dhurga / Church celebrations - the public in general have no escape from the noise and din that emanate from LOUDspeakers everywhere! People living in the vicinity of mosques are subjected to blaring calls for 'namaz' five times a day, day after day! Gone are the days when the decibel violence was much less, but the relevance of these festivities were much stronger. Now, it all has become a 'war on ears!'

In the good old days, these festivities were important occasions for social gatherings, opportunities and outlets for display of skills and talents of artists and artisans. But not any more now! With the intensity of media explosion that has already overtaken our lives - irretrievably, I feel compelled to point out - the distinction between our personal lives and social lives is no more as clear as it once was. There is a lot of blurring and overlapping between the two. By just reclining on your armchair, you can watch Osama Bin Laden being gunned down, or the Chennai Super Kings taking on Rajasthan Royals, or, how the Bulls and Bears play the mad game called Stock Trade - you name it, you have it - just at a click! ( I really wanted to say just at an eye wink, but to the best of my knowledge, no one has yet invented a remote control which operates on eye winks; the day is not far off for it to become a reality, I have a hunch, though! ;)) Even as the world has started rushing in, into your drawing room through aether waves, your individual personal life moments have started vanishing away, slowly but surely.

The point that I am trying to make out here is that our old treasures and traditions, temples and festivals being parts of them, are giving way to new avatars. Some of you might think of pointing out that not everywhere these transformations are taking place in the same pace. No doubt, in renowned temple towns like Madurai, Srirangam, Mylapore, Kancheepuram, Kumbakonam, Chidambaram and a host of several other famous Centres of devotional importance, life of the people is still blended much with the temple. But, even there, if you watch closely, many rituals have lost their original significance, with 'science' replacing 'service' in many matters. Automobiles pull the Lord's chariot / Theppam, Drum & Bells play at the touch of an electric switch, floodlights (not the faint 'Theevatties' any more!) illuminate the utsava idols and so on. Please note, that I am not against the use science and technology, but I wish to point out how the changing times is transforming the compostion of the temple servicing communities. There are already temples where no nadaswara vidwans are available in flesh and blood, but the 'Archakar' twiddles with a button to blare out the pipe music!

Already a controversy between 'vedic practices' and 'bhakti cult practises' have been going on in this Forum, perhaps, ever since the Forum came into existence. Almost in every thread in which gods or rituals or festivals are involved, this controversy crops up at some stage or the other. Chances are, that the same trend will continue in future too. But, being a very ordinary, uninitiated and simple learner I have no competence to speak on things I do not know anything about. So, I leave it to more knowledgeable people to deal with what to do with temples in future.
 
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