In Purusha Sukta, Viswaroopa of God is referred to and a question relates to the normal understanding of head, shoulders, thighs and feet. Then the reply comes as Brahmins as Head, Kshatriyas as shoulders, Viashyas are thighs and feet are Shudras. The same is applicable to human beings also. Suppose you take the case of human beings. The brain does the though processs and also represents intellect. The shoulders represent doing archery, boxing, wrestling, protecting oneself with sword and other instruments. The thighs including stomach and vital parts represent the pleasures of life. The feet represents the service done by going to various places. On this analogy and each and every part is vital for proper life of a human being. In fact, service means, going to temples, doing different kinds of service to god. Like human being Viswaroopa of God representing Varnasrama Dharma is essential for the survival of all the communities. Therefore, no varnasrama dharma whether brahmin, Kshetriya, vaishya or shudra is superior or inferior to one another. Brahmins takes care of the Welfare of the community by doing prayers, giving advise to people, helping the people by donation of their possesssions. Similarly Kshatriyas protect the people with the skills acquired for the purpose. The Vaishyas ensure that material wealth earned by them through trade is distributed proportionately. The Shudras represent the service sector of the present day world which is deemed more valueable than others sectors. Without service the whole community cannot survive. In that way each varna is essential. Somehow, due to general deterioration of values over the period, certain brahmins became vaishyas in amassing wealth through business or service. Presently only two classes of people exist i.e. haves and have nots. The Varna was identified by the profession one does and not by the family in which one is born. The same rule should be applied now also. Over the period especially after entry of English into the country, the convention of people being identified by the family in which they were born due to selfishness. This convention has thrown the system of Varna out of gear totally. As for Vaishnavites are concerned, though the Azhwars belonged to various castes/Varna, all are being held in high esteem even today. The reason for referring to vaishnavites behaviour is that I am a devotee of Vishnu and consider him as the supreme being. Of course, this does not mean that other gods/deities are not supreme beings. In my opinion giving a name to a god/deity is out of fancy and nothing else. I stand for correction of my views if I am convinced that I am wrong. The use of word if convinced should not be taken to mean that I am rigid in my beliefs and notions. raja48
The entire Suktam is filled with metaphors and one could have a discourse lasting for a day on each verse. It starts out with
“A thousand heads the Lord does have,
a thousand eyes, a thousand feet
Completely he pervades the world,
And yet, beyond it, he extends (by 1/4th of an inch!) “
It is hard to visualize such a comical description and why should he pervade and then extend it?
It refers to the Only Isvara from which everything came (1000 symbolically meaning all infinite beings) an imminent aspects of Isvara. The extension refers to Transcendent aspects of Isvara which lies beyond what can be comprehended by our sense organs and five means of knowledge:
1. Prathyaksham (Perception which includes all 5 sense organs)
2. Anumanam (Inference)
3. Upamanam (Comparison)
4. Arthapathi (presumption, multi-step logic)
5. Anupalabdhi (non-existence)
There is a 6th one – which are the Vedas (huge topic often confused with faith’ based directives of other religions)
The reason I wanted to provide this detail is that every verse has great meanings but the unifying theme is that it makes one recognize that ‘there is not one God, but only God’. It is another huge topic how this view can be reconciled with serious disorders in any society such as serial killers, human traffickers, suicide bombers, factory farming workers and consumers of their product etc.
Purusha Suktam uses terminologies that can be understood by all people that all beings are manifestations of Isvara. It does not promote or speaks against any social order. However the universal message of respect is reflected in the description that (just like 1000 heads and 1000 eyes) Brahmana came from head etc. For a person to be full you need all ‘body parts’ and they all are interdependent. The metaphor uses descriptions of an order that may have existed then though I am not a historian.
It does not talk about hierarchy or that they have to be ‘birth based’. It uses social order to drive home the message of universality. We fall on Lords feet in a temple. A laborer metaphorically is like the feet of the cosmic being and hence deserves regard no more or no less than anyone else.
It will be an unfortunate spin if the verses were seen as a directive to support Varnasrama since the universal message will be contradictory to what Varnasrama evolved to be. There are ignorant speakers and writers that have used this verse to do exactly the opposite – that is to suppress a group of beings.
I do agree that that social order came into being not out of narrow minded thinking (and even Gandhi has said so after research). What it evolved into is terrible and the current meaning of the word Varna invokes bad feelings. There are some in open forum such as this (in my view) that may just react to the word Caste/Varna and you will be unable to have a reasonable discussion at that point.
We are in a society where the word competition is glorified. We think it is ok for someone to make unthinkable money using their initial advantage. The Ambanis who had holdings in millions now own over 60+ billion dollars in a matter of few years. All that money creates opportunity for power which in turns breeds more money in endless cycle. In another era this norm may seem unacceptable.
In a society guided by Sanathana Dharma the idea of competition-less work force had appeal. Also one competes with oneself for being the best. Since the goal of life was never to feed desires only (Artha and Kama) or a promise of Swarga, it is easy to see why a society may want to organize in terms of the four Varnas. If the goal of life was indeed Moksha – knowledge which is not tied to Karma then one can understand the reason behind the social order that evolved.
One does not have to agree with that order to understand how it could have come about.
This social order evolved into something terrible due to human weakness to hoard power just like the rich uses power and influence to become more rich.
The word Capitalism and Competition is seen by most in Western society synonymous with democracy. One may want to see Michael Moore’s documentary on Capitalism just get an idea that serious damage is possible by the idea of Capitalism. So in another era these concepts may be replaced by something better (I hope).
My point is that Varnasrama did not evolve well – it may have to do with 1000+ years of foreign invasion or not.
The point is that Purusha Suktam , Chapter 18 of Bhagavad Gita do not promote Varnasrama at all.
So if you want to dispel ‘myths’ of Vranasrama , you might consider using other reasons as opposed to profound teachings from Vedas since those teachings do not support the thesis of any social order.
Regards