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Daily Dose Of Interesting Information

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# 97. PISTACHIO

The pistachio, Pistacia vera is a small tree originally from Persia (Iran). The tree produces an important culinary nut.

Pistacia vera is often confused with other species in the genus Pistacia that are also known as pistachio.

These species can be differentiated from P. vera by their geographic distributions as well as their nuts. Their nuts are much smaller with a strong turpentine flavor and do not have a hard shell.

The Pistachio is one of two nuts mentioned in the Bible.Pistachios have been a part of the human diet at least since the late Paleolithic.

The fruit is a drupe, containing an elongated seed, which is the edible portion. The seed, commonly thought of as a nut, is only a culinary nut and not a botanical nut.

The fruit has a hard, whitish exterior shell. The seed has a mauvish skin and light green flesh, with a distinctive flavor. When the fruit ripens, the shell changes from green to an autumnal yellow/red and abruptly splits part way open with an audible pop.

The splitting open is a trait that has been selected by humans. Commercial cultivars vary in how consistently they split open.used in making ice creams. butter, paste, chocolate, halwa, and salads. The nuts can also be eaten whole, either fresh or roasted and salted.

July 2003, the FDA approved the first qualified health claim specific to nuts lowering the risk of heart disease: "Scientific evidence suggests (but does not prove) that eating 1.5 ounces or 42.5g per day of most nuts, such as pistachios, as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol may reduce the risk of heart disease"

"The Pistachio Principle" describes methods of "fooling" one's body into eating less. One example used is that the act of de-shelling and eating pistachios one by one slows one's consumption allowing one to feel full faster after having eaten less.
 
# 98 Coffee bean.

A coffee bean is the seed of the coffee plant. It is the pit inside the red or purple fruit often referred to as a cherry. Even though it is a seed, it is referred to as 'bean' because of its resemblance to true bean.

The fruits / coffee cherries /coffee berries contain two stones with their flat sides together. A small percentage of cherries or pea berries contain a single bean.

The two most economically important varieties of coffee plant are the Arabica and the Robusta. 75-80% of the coffee produced worldwide is Arabica and 20% is Robusta.

Arabica beans consist of 0.8-1.4% and Robusta beans consist of 1.7-4% caffeine. Coffee beans are a major cash crop and an important export product.

The United States imports more coffee than any other nation. The average person in the United States consumed 4.09kg (9lbs) of coffee in the year 2009.

The picture I recollect in my mind of a US cop is a tall person with an expanding midriff resembling the dough nut he has in one hand and a mug of half liter black(?)coffee in the other!

When the fruit is ripe, it is almost always handpicked, using either selective picking, where only the ripe fruit is removed or strip-picking, where all of the fruit is removed from a branch all at once.

Because a tree can have both ripe and unripe berries at the same time, one area of crop has to be picked several times, making harvesting the most labor intensive process of coffee bean production.

There are two methods of processing the coffee berries. The first method is wet processing, which is usually carried out in Central America and areas of Africa. The flesh of the berries is separated from the seeds and then the beans are fermented – soaked in water for about two days.

This dissolves any pulp or sticky residue that may still be attached to the beans. The beans are then washed and dried in the sun, or, in the case of commercial manufacturers, in drying machines.

The dry processing method is cheaper and simpler, used for lower quality beans in Brazil and much of Africa. Twigs and other foreign objects are separated from the berries and the fruit is then spread out in the sun on cement or brick for 2–3 weeks, turned regularly for even drying. The dried pulp is removed from the beans afterward.

After processing has taken place, the husks are removed and the beans are roasted, which gives them their varying brown color, and they can then be sorted for bagging.
 
# 99. PINE NUTS

Pine nuts are the edible seeds of pines. About 20 species of pine produce seeds large enough to be harvested. The seeds are edible in other pines also, but they are too small to be of great value as a human food.

The shell must be removed before the pine nut can be eaten. Un-shelled pine nuts have a long shelf life if kept dry and refrigerated between 23 °F and 36 °F.

Shelled nuts and un-shelled nuts in warm conditions deteriorate rapidly, becoming rancid within a few weeks or even days in warm humid conditions.

Pine nuts are commercially available in shelled form, but due to poor storage, can have poor flavor and may be already rancid at the time of purchase.

Consequently, pine nuts are frozen to preserve their flavor.They may be added to meat, fish and vegetables, or baked into breads.

Pine nuts are an essential component of Italian pesto sauce. Pignoli cookies, an Italian American specialty confection are made with almond flour and pine nuts.

Pine nut coffee is a dark roast coffee having a deep, nutty flavor. Roasted and lightly salted pine nuts are eaten as a snack. Pine nuts are also widely used in Middle Eastern cuisine.

Throughout Europe and Middle East the pine nuts used are from Stone Pine. They are easily distinguished from the Asian pine nuts by their slender shape and homogeneous flesh. Asian pine nuts are also used, in cheaper preparations. Pine nuts contain thiamine (vitamin B[SUB]1[/SUB]) and protein.

Pine nuts can be pressed to extract pine nut oil, which is valued for its mild, nutty flavor. One study indicates Korean pine nut oil may suppress appetite.




 
#100. SUNFLOWER SEED

The sunflower seed is the fruit of the Helianthus annuus or the sunflower. The term "sunflower seed" is a misnomer since the seed is in its hull.When dehulled, the edible portion is called the sunflower kernel.

There are three types of commonly used sunflower seeds. Linoleic, high oleic and Nusun. Each variety has its own unique levels of monounsaturated, saturated, and polyunsaturated fats.

If the husk is solid black, the seeds are called 'black oil sunflower seeds' or 'oilseed sunflower crops'. These seeds are used to extract oil.

Striped sunflower seeds are primarily used for food; as a result, they may be called confectionery sunflower seeds.

Over the past decades sunflower oil has become popular worldwide. The oil may be used as is, or may be processed into polyunsaturated margarine.

The protein rich cake left behind is used as a livestock feed.The original sunflower oil is high in polyunsaturated fatty acids and low in saturated fats,

However, various hybrids have been developed to alter the fatty acid profile of the crop for various purposes.

In the future, sunflower oil could become a renewable bio-source for hydrogen. Although sunflower oil could certainly be used for this purpose, it is not, by any means, a 'free' or even an 'Eco-friendly' source of energy.
 
# 101. Cocoa
Cocoa bean / cocoa and cacao; is the dried and fully fermented fatty seed of Theobroma cocao. Cocoa solids and cocoa butter are extracted from this. Cocoa is the basis of all chocolates.

A cocoa pod or fruit has a rough leathery rind about 3 cm thick. It is filled with a sweet pulp called 'baba de cacao'.

Enclosed in it are 30 to 50 large seeds that are fairly soft and vary from white to pale lavender in color. Seeds are usually white and become violet or reddish brown during the drying process. The exception is rare varieties of white cacao, in which the seeds remain white.

Health benefits of cocoa consumption

Chocolate and cocoa contain a high level of flavonoids, which may have beneficial effects on our cardiovascular system.
Prolonged intake of flavanol-rich cocoa has been linked to cardiovascular health benefits. This refers to raw cocoa and dark chocolate. Flavonoids degrade during cooking and alkalizing processes.

Consumption of dark chocolates benefit LDL cholesterol levels. The addition of whole milk to milk chocolate increases the saturated fat levels and negate some of cocoa's heart-healthy potential benefits..

The researchers found that the Kuna Indians living on the islands had significantly lower rates of heart disease and cancer compared to those on the mainland who do not drink cocoa as on the islands.

It is believed that the improved blood flow after consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa may help to achieve health benefits in hearts and other organs. In particular, the benefits may extend to the brain and have important implications for learning and memory.

Foods rich in cocoa appear to reduce blood pressure. A 15-year study on elderly men found a 50 percent reduction in cardiovascular mortality and a 47 percent reduction in all-cause mortality for the men regularly consuming the most cocoa.


 
# 102 . Tea

"Tea" refers to the aromatic drink prepared from the cured Camellia sinensis leaves with hot or boiling water. It is the common name for the Camellia sinensis plant itself.

Second only to water, tea is the most widely consumed beverage in the world. It has a cooling, slightly bitter, astringent flavor which many people enjoy. The term herbal tea usually refers to infusions of fruit or herbs but not actual tea!

Health effects:-

The possible beneficial effects of tea consumption in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases have been demonstrated in animal models and suggested by certain studies.

If such beneficial effects do exist in humans, they are likely to be mild and depend on many other lifestyle-related factors.

Ingestion of large amounts of tea may cause nutritional and other problems because of the caffeine content and the strong binding activities of tea polyphenols.

In 2010, researchers found that people who consumed tea had significantly less cognitive decline than non-tea drinkers. Several of the potential health benefits proposed for tea are that Tea leaves contain more than 700 chemicals, including flavanoides, amino acids, vitamin C,E and K.and poly saccharides.

Tea plays an important role in improving beneficial intestinal micro flora, as well as providing immunity against intestinal disorders and in protecting cell membranes from damage.

Tea also prevents dental caries due to the presence of fluorine.It can normalize the blood pressure, prevent coronary heart diseases and diabetes.

Tea is germicidal against various human pathogenic bacteria. Both green and black tea infusions contain a number of antioxidants.
Consumption of some forms of tea has the potential to result in acute liver damage in some individuals.

Several herbal and dietary supplements have been linked to liver damage, caused in part or completely by the presence of green tea extract in these supplements. The risk is thought to be quite small.

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# 103. BIRD'S NEST.

 Bird's nest soup is a delicacy in Chinese Cuisine. A few species of swift, cove swifts, are renowned for building the saliva nests used to produce the unique soup.

The edible bird's nests are among the most expensive animal products consumed by humans. The nests have been used in Chinese cooking for over 400 years, most often as bird's nest soup.

The most heavily harvested nests are from the White-nest Swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and the Black nest swiftlet (Aerodramus maximus).

The white nests and the "red blood" nests are rich in nutrients and provide several health benefits. They aid in digestion, raise the libido, improve the voice, alleviate asthma, improve focus and benefit the immune system.

The nests are built during the breeding season by the male swiftlets over a period of 35 days. They take the shape of a shallow cup stuck to the cave wall. The nests are composed of interwoven strands of salivary laminae cement. Both nests have high levels of calcium, iron, potassium, and magnesium.

In Hong Kong, a bowl of bird's nest soup would cost from $30 to $100 USD.A kilogram of white nest can cost up to $2,000 USD, and a kilogram of "red blood" nest can cost up to $10,000 USD.

The white nests are commonly treated with a red pigment, but methods have been developed to determine an adulterated nest. Natural red cave nests are often only found in limestone caves in Thailand.

The nests were formerly harvested from caves.With the escalation in demand, these sources have been supplanted since the late 1990s by purpose-built nesting houses.

These nesting houses are normally found in urban areas near the sea, since the birds flock in such places.

From there the nests are mostly exported to Hong Kong, which has become the center of the world trade, though most of the final consumers are from mainland China.

This potentially environmentally sustainable industry is contributing to deforestation in Indonesia, The swiftlet barns in this area are built from copious quantities of timber

Since the legal timber supplies are inadequate to meet demand illegal logging has grown in the National Park.


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# 104. SEA WEEDS.

 Seaweed is colloquial term for the red, brown and green algae.They are used as food, medicines. fertilizer and in industry.

Seaweeds are consumed by coastal people, particularly in East Asia, seaweeds are mixed with milk, nutmeg, cinnamon, and vanilla to make a common beverage.

Seaweeds are also harvested or cultivated for the extraction of certain gelatinous substances, which have attained commercial significance as food additives.

The food industry exploits their gelling, water-retention, emulsifying and other physical properties. Agar is used in foods such as confectionery, meat and poultry products, desserts and beverages and molded foods.

Carrageenan is used in salad dressings and sauces, dietetic foods, and as a preservative in meat and fish products, dairy items and baked goods. Alginates are used in wound dressings, and production of dental moulds. In microbiology,agar is extensively used as culture medium.

Seaweed is a source of Iodine necessary for Thyroid function and to prevent goiter.Tuberculosis, Influenza, Arthritis are cured by sea weed preparations.

Seaweed extract is used in some diet pills.Other seaweed pills exploit the same effect by expanding in the stomach to make the body feel more full.

Other uses

Other seaweeds may be used as fertilizer. Seaweed is currently under consideration as a potential source of bio-ethanol.Seaweed is an ingredient in toothpaste, cosmetics and paints.

Alginates enjoy many of the same uses as carrageenan, and are used in industrial products such as paper coatings, adhesives, dyes, gels, explosives and in processes such as paper sizing, textile printing, hydro-mulching and drilling.
 
Dear Mr. Siva,
long time .. no see!
Here are the equivalent names of the navarathnam. If you want more info about each of these, you may have to wait a few days more.
with best wishes and regards,
V. R. mami.

கெம்பு (சிவப்புக்கல்) = Ruby.

கோமேதகம் = Sardonyx.

நீலக்கல் = Sapphire.

பச்சை மரகதம் = Emerald.

பவழம் = Coral.

புஷ்பராகம் = topaz.

மாணிக்கம் = Carbuncle.

முத்து = Pearl.

வைடூரியம் = Lapis lazuli.

வைரம் = Diamond.
 
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Romba thanks, Maami. Mudinchaa details ezhudungo. I follow your threads. So, I feel like being in touch with you.

Ungalukku ennoda next home work: nava daaniyam:phone:
 
Dear Mr. Siva,

We can explore navaratnam, navadaanyanm, navagraham and nava nidhi after a fort night-one at a time. Thanks for following my threads.

But unless I know that you do, I will not feel like keeping in touch with you. So an occasional interaction is welcome!

with best wishes and regards,
V.R.mami.
 
# 105. MUSHROOMS.

 A mushroom is the spore bearing, fruiting, fleshy body of fungus.
It is produced above ground on soil or on its source of food.

Like all fungi, mushrooms are not plants and do not photosynthesize. The standard for the name "mushroom" is the cultivated white button mushroom.

Hence the word "mushroom" is most often applied to those fungi that have a stem, a cap and gills or pores on the underside of the cap.

"Mushroom" describes a variety of gilled fungi, with or without stems, and the term is used even more generally, to describe both the fleshy fruiting bodies and the woody or leathery fruiting bodies.

Nutrition:-

Mushrooms are a low-calorie food usually eaten raw or cooked to garnish a meal. Raw dietary mushrooms are a good source of B vitamins, selenium, copper and potassium.

Known as the meat of the vegetarians, edible mushrooms are used extensively in many cuisines - Chinese, Japanese, Korean and European.

Most mushrooms that are sold have been commercially grown in controlled, sterilized environments. They are perfectly safe to eat.

In recent years increasing affluence in developing countries has led to a considerable growth in interest in mushroom cultivation, which is now seen as a potentially important economic activity for small farmers.

There are a number of species of mushroom that are poisonous and consuming them could prove fatal. Eating mushrooms gathered in the wild is risky and should not be undertaken.

More generally, and particularly with gilled mushrooms, separating edible from poisonous species requires meticulous attention to detail; there is no single trait by which all toxic mushrooms can be identified, nor one by which all edible mushrooms can be identified.

China is the world's largest edible mushroom producer. The country produces about half of all cultivated mushrooms, and around 2.7 kilograms (6.0 lb) of mushrooms is consumed per person per year by over a billion people









 
# 106. Raisin.

Dried grapes are called the Raisins. They are produced in many regions of the world. Raisins may be eaten raw or used in baking, cooking, and brewing.

In the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada the word "raisin" is reserved for the dried large dark grape. Dried large white grape is called sultana, and a dried small Corinth grape is called currant.

In French raisin means "grape," while a dried grape is referred to as a raisin sec, or "dry grape." The Old French word in turn developed from the Latin 'recemus' meaning "a bunch of grapes."

Raisin varieties depend on the type of grape used, and are made in a variety of sizes and colors including green, black, blue, purple, and yellow. Seedless varieties include the Sultana, known as Thompson Seedless in the USA and Flame grapes.

Raisins are typically sun-dried, but may also be water-dipped, or dehydrated. "Golden raisins" are made from sultanas, treated with Sulfur di oxide and flame-dried to give them their characteristic color.

A particular variety of seedless grape, the Black Corinth is also sun-dried to produce Zante Currants, miniature raisins that are much darker in color and have a tart, tangy flavor.

Several varieties of raisins are produced in Asia and, in the West, are only available at ethnic specialty grocers. Green raisins are produced in Iran.

Raisins are very sweet due to their high concentration of sugars (about 30 g of fructose and 28 g of glucose in 100 g of raisins). The sugars often crystallize inside the fruit when stored after a long period.

The dry raisins become gritty, but that does not affect their usability. These sugar grains can be dissolved by blanching the fruit in hot water or other liquids.
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# 107. DATES.

 Phoenix dactylifera or the date palm is a palm in the genus Phoenix, cultivated for its edible sweet fruit. Although its place of origin is unknown, it probably originated from lands around the Persian Gulf.

It is a medium-sized plant, 15–25 m tall, growing singly or forming a clump with several stems from a single root system. Their leaves are 3–5 m long, with about 150 leaflets. The leaflets are 30 cm long and 2 cm wide. The full span of the crown ranges from 6 to 10 m.

The fruit is known as a date. The fruit's English name, as well as the Latin species name dactylifera, both come from the Greek word for "finger," dáktulos, because of the fruit's elongated shape.

Dates are oval-cylindrical, 3–7 cm long, and 2–3 cm diameter, and when unripe, range from bright red to bright yellow in color, depending on the variety.

Dates contain a single seed. The three main cultivar groups are soft, semi-dry and dry. Dry and soft dates are eaten out-of-hand, or may be pitted and stuffed with delicious fillings.

Pitted dates are also referred to as stoned dates. Partially dried pitted dates may be glazed with glucose syrup for use as a snack food. Dates can also be chopped and used in a range of sweet and savory dishes.

Date nut bread, a type of cake, is very popular in the United States, especially around holidays. Dates are also processed into cubes and paste.

Recent innovations include dates covered with chocolates and products such as sparkling date juice, used in some Islamic countries as a non-alcoholic version of champagne, for special occasions and religious times such as Ramadan.

Dates can also be dehydrated, ground and mixed with grain to form a nutritious stock feed. Dried dates are fed to camels, horses and dogs in the Sahara. In northern Nigeria, peppers and dates are added to the native beer to make it less intoxicating.

Young date leaves are cooked and eaten as a vegetable, as is the terminal bud or heart, though its removal kills the palm.

The finely ground seeds are mixed with flour to make bread in times of scarcity. The flowers of the date palm are also edible. Traditionally the female flowers are the most available for sale and weigh 300–400 grams. The flower buds are used in salad or ground with dried fish to make a condiment for bread.

Dates may be considered as an ideal food, providing a wide range of essential nutrients and potential health benefits."

Dates are a very good source of dietary potassium. The sugar content of ripe dates is about 80%; the remainder consists of protein, fiber, and trace elements including boron, cobalt, copper, fluorine, magnesium, manganese, selenium, and zinc.

Date palms are tapped for the sweet sap which is converted into palm sugar or alcoholic beverages. Special skill is required when tapping the palm tree so that it does not die.
 
# 108. HONEY

Honey is made by bees using nectar from flower. The variety produced by honey bees is the one consumed by humans. Honey produced by other insects and bees has distinctly different properties.

Honey bees change nectar into honey by regurgitation, and store it as a primary food source in wax honeycombs inside the beehive. Beekeeping encourages overproduction of honey.

Honey has attractive chemical properties for baking, and a distinctive flavor so that some people to prefer it over sugar and other sweeteners. Most micro organism do not grow in honey. So honey stays fresh for a very long time.

Honey has a long history of human consumption, and is used as a sweetener and for flavoring. It also has a role in religion and symbolism. Flavors of honey vary based on the nectar source, and various types and grades of honey are available.

It is also used in various medicinal traditions to treat ailments. Honey collection is an ancient activity. Humans apparently began hunting for honey at least 10,000 years ago.
In ancient Egypt, honey was used to sweeten cakes and biscuits, and was used in many other dishes. Ancient Egyptian used honey for embalming the dead. The fertility god of Egypt, Min was offered honey.

The art of beekeeping appeared in ancient China. In the book "Golden Rules of Business Success" there are some parts mentioning the art of beekeeping and the importance of the quality of the wooden box for bee keeping that can affect the quality of its honey.

The Mayans used honey for culinary purposes, and continue to do so today.

Some cultures believed honey had many practical health uses. It was used as an ointment for rashes and burns, and to help soothe sore throats when no other medicinal practices were available.
 
Honey.

It is golden and sweet to be seen,
It is sweet and viscous to be eaten; :hungry:

It is sweetest word on earth with
Which the loved one is called forth; :ear:

It is the sweetest word of a snob,
With which he calls his heart throb; :music:

What a way this series to wind up
With something very nice to think of! :love:
 
Conclusion:-

Dear friends!

That brings us to the close of the Food, Flavors, Tastes and benefits.

I have prepared a list of edible roots, stems, flowers and fruits.

But the daily production of such long articles in addition to my other posts and poems have thrown my life completely out of gear. They are leaving irreversible effects on me and my health. :faint:

So even if I take these up at a later date, it will not be on a daily basis. :nono:
It will be as and when possible.

So I may have to revert to my other thread "Did you know that...?" which will allow me greater flexibility.

Thanks for joining me in this long journey and being silent companions - as usual.

with warm regards, :pray2:
Visalakshi Ramani. :wave:


P.S.

I am known for my frank honesty even among those who DO NOT see eye to eye with me. So I can share my honest thoughts with you here.

There is one doubt bothering my mind since many months.

This thread and "A poem a day..." are the two threads which consume most of my time, talent and experience in writing.

And strangely these two threads have been denied the (5*)
status!

I guess it is a point worth pondering about during my free time!!!

 
Truth dawned on me when I pondered before I fell asleep.

Man has the liberty to do a thing...well, ill or mediocre.

God bestows the results...fame, recognition or indifference.

So finally everything boils to down to Lord Krishna's words

"karmanyeva..." :hail:
 
# 97 PISTACHIO: “The splitting open is a trait that has been selected by humans”
Unfortunately, this trait of humans is applied in human relationship as well.

# 98 Coffee bean: “75-80% of the coffee produced worldwide is Arabica and 20% is Robusta. Arabica beans consist of 0.8-1.4% and Robusta beans consist of 1.7-4% caffeine”
So, we do not have to worry a lot about caffeine since a majority of coffee beans has lower caffeine content? Btw how does the benefit/ill-effect vary between normal coffee and decaffeinated coffee? (We consume the latter at home).

# 102 Tea: “Tea is the most widely consumed beverage in the world”
That is because of the Chinese. Otherwise coffee would be in the second place, I guess.
 
Haridasa Siva said:
# 97 PISTACHIO: “The splitting open is a trait that has been selected by humans”
Unfortunately, this trait of humans is applied in human relationship as well.

A good observation!

# 98 Coffee bean: “75-80% of the coffee produced worldwide is Arabica and 20% is Robusta. Arabica beans consist of 0.8-1.4% and Robusta beans consist of 1.7-4% caffeine”
So, we do not have to worry a lot about caffeine since a majority of coffee beans has lower caffeine content? Btw how does the benefit/ill-effect vary between normal coffee and decaffeinated coffee? (We consume the latter at home).

But what about the liters and liters of black coffee consumed???

# 102 Tea: “Tea is the most widely consumed beverage in the world”
That is because of the Chinese. Otherwise coffee would be in the second place, I guess.
Click to expand...

Coffee may already be in the second place-after tea.
 
Dear Madam, Please tell me the Tamil name for Pistachio, & IS IT AVAILABLE IN madras , by what name ? iREAD ALL WRITTEN BY YOU. i ADMIRE YOUR PATIENCE.mAY God Bless you

a.sRINIVASAN
 
This line must be very popular in Madras.

"இவரு பெரிய பிஸ்தாவா?"

பிஸ்தா is the Pistachio which we all know, see, eat and enjoy!

Thank you reading all my posts and realizing how much of

PATIENCE goes into each article in addition to my time and energy!

Talking of a person's patience, you only see the amount of it

required in preparing these posts. What would be your reaction if

you knew of it is needed to put up with the onslaughts from

different directions for diffferent resosns! I think they balance one

another being equal and opposite, and let me go on:)

I reciprocate your good wishes with utmost sincerity.

Thank you Sir! :pray2:

rishikesan said:
Dear Madam, Please tell me the Tamil name for Pistachio, & IS IT AVAILABLE IN madras , by what name ? iREAD ALL WRITTEN BY YOU. i ADMIRE YOUR PATIENCE.mAY God Bless you

a.sRINIVASAN
Click to expand...
 
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