This is a topic of fascination both to the proponents and opponents. Is there a freewill and how much free it is. In Hindu traditions, as this also encompasses the doctrine of karma and re-birth, it would be useful to have discussion on the re-birth theory too.
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My basic questions are: (i) Why does the God or "the Equiliser" allow the karma to be accumulated in birth after birth; why not deal with it swiftly then and there;
Sri Narayan -
It has been hard to keep up with all the posts and identify important ones for me. I know you posted these questions a while ago and are probably satisfied with all the discussions to the point that this thread may be winding down. Let me share my brief thoughts on this topic that you correctly observe has fascinated opponents and proponents.
First, no one knows and cannot claim to know what happens to any being after death or if any of us had any existence before birth. So this theory of Karma is but a model relying on an objectively unverifiable belief system but claimed to be subjectively validated assuming the subject understand the full aspect of this model. In my understanding, this is a complex model and your questions, particularly the last one underscores this point.
The main questions then are:
1. Do we understand this model fully and be able to explain phenomena we observe in a satisfactory manner without contradictions in what we observe in day to day life? For example it would seem unacceptable and even incorrect to think that when a large number of people simultaneously die a tragic death (e.g., Tsunami events, 9/11/2001 event where many died jumping off of World Trade Center) that they all somehow 'deserved to die' based on some past Karma. This complex Karma model does not require this to be true though I have known many with flimsy knowledge of the model explain such event away with simplistic ideas. My point is that to validate or invalidate any of this and to see if the model is correct (within its scope of axioms and assumptions) one has to first understand the richness of this model.
2. In my view - who cares that there is a model - complex or simple -is it useful here and now as we go thorough our life.
Your questions are phrased in terms of a 'God' - so let me share my thoughts on this point.
While a concept of personal Isvara has been useful to millions of people to achieve peace of mind in the face of many hidden variables, being that it is subjective it can never be proven in an objective sense. (All my issues with religion center around theologies (including those of unorganized faithfuls who practice atheism under the name of 'logic' ) especially when they spend time trying to convert others or belittle others. I have respect for people that pray to their Isvara regardless of their religion especially if they are able to deal with their issues better in life.)
At an objective level all we have and what we are able discern with sense organs and reasoning capacity is that there seem to be a set of laws that are operating. If they seem to 'fail' then we may end up discovering another law that augments the previous understanding. In that sense laws of physics, laws of Physiology, biological systems, etc to name a few are infallible and could be considered as a personification of Iswara. After all the universe as we observe is intelligently put together, this intelligence reflected in any phenomena we observe. Random systems are very predictable - otherwise we could not have a field of statistics or statistical mechanics. Chaos is understandable in terms of strange attractors. So intelligence of laws could be a model for an impersonal Iswara.
When there is a notion of a 'limited' free will experienced by us (for example I chose to spend time to respond to this and I could have chosen any other activity) and there are sets if laws that hold the system together then there has to he a need for a concept of Karma. Free will is only free when one is allowed to use or abuse or disuse (like some abuse their freedom in this forum
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When abuse is possible the system has to react when the abuse threatens the constitution of the system held by a set of infallible laws. Otherwise the system will not survive.
There is no reason why the 'reaction' to abuse for example has to be instantaneous. It is hard to define exactly what the time frame constitute as instantaneous. If the universe is 14 billion years old then reaction to our action (within this model) in a few years in our life time or within few million years could be considered instantaneous.
Besides there is an assumption in your question and that is the idea that time as we experience is absolute. What is 'then and there' depends on the frame of reference based on our understanding of the physical world.
There was nice article in
Scientific American in May 2010 that begins to show time is not necessary to describe any physical phenomena. I found the description interesting because current understanding of 'time' is more in alignment with subjective (Vedic) view of time. I dont want to get into a detailed debate on this but as a subscriber I have a pdf version of this article and can email anyone that is interested. Also stories in Yoga Vasishtam deal with time being not absolute. My point is not to prove that Vedas describe science as we know (which is not true in my view) but that conceptually the ideas of time and space are aligned with current view we have come to understand in the last 100 years.
So 'impersonal God' in the form of 'Dharma-Karma' laws acts - there is only action and reaction, they are relatively instantaneous depending on a point of view. We have no control over this 'law' anymore than we have control over experience of Gravity.
The only approach then is learn the model and see if it is useful in our life.
(ii) why do I get punished or rewarded by my karma for the offenses I committed eons before and when I do not have even the faintest idea for which I am being punished or rewarded? Does it serve any purpose to punish or reward me for an unknown karma?
There is no punishment or reward - only action and reaction that will go on 'forever'.
We did not get to choose our gender, home, parents, height, weight, our gene pool, our level of intelligence and capacities, etc.
We do not get to change this 'action - reaction' effect either. Free will creates new action and thereby new reaction. In a simplistic model, past karmas are expressions of reactions to assertion of free will in the 'past'!
There is an assumption in your question that is made universally by everyone , but wrong.
We did not create this body, we do not control how any of the physiology works, we do not control how our brain or more abstractly how our mind works. We could make body parts but we do so by enabling the natural laws to take place, we do not create new laws. 'Our' Body and Mind are parts of nature and subject to natural laws (impersonal Isvara) . This is explicitly Visible when we 'die' and the body is seen to disintegrate in nature.
Since we are able to objectify our body and mind, they are objects and therefore not the Subject ( I)! However in day today experience we think we are this physical beings (where we equate ourselves (subject) with the items we objectify (body, mind)). When we see a chair (an item objectified by us), we do not say I am chair
.. If we do then we have to go to Agra
(iii) As per advaitins (I do not know for sure about other vedantins), atma is "akarma and abhoktha". So why punish Narayan's body which houses the atma in this janma for the sins or omissions committed when it occupied Vasudeva's body in the remote past, especially when it is always non-performer and non-enjoyer?
I would prefer to take this up only if you are interested under a Philosophy section.
I would be glad to receive responses.
Regards,
narayan
Could not be more brief - I am bit of an extrovert!
Regards