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A Few Glimpses from South Indian History

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My position is that andhaNar also meant brahmins, contextually, right in the core Sangham texts, as I have demonstrated--not that it came to refer to brahmins in due course of time.
Yes Saidevo, this is what I have been saying all along. The term anthaNar in Sangam literature may or may not mean Brahmin, we have to look at the context very carefully. How often the term meant Brahmin is debatable and it will come down to POV.

As Shri Sangom observes, when Sangam texts make references to Brahmins or varna they are quite often recording their observation of what people do, they are clearly not endorsement of such ideas. However, when they do criticize, they are quite pointed and harsh.

We must also refocus on Shri Sangom's main thesis -- opposition to Brahminism existed prior to EVR/DK/DMK. It is undeniably clear that this is true from the existing texts going back as far back as 1400 years to Seethalai Sathanar. Even if some Sangam poets praised Brahmins and some even admired Varna system, like many do even today, the validity of Shri Sangom's thesis is not weakened in any way.

Cheers!
 
namaste Sangom.

Firstly, I am very sorry if my remark about the font size hurt you in any way.

Please tone down the size of the font in your reply. Do you think you can prove a point by presenting it in an irrititatingly enlarged font?

This is an uncharitable, snide remark, unless you are not very familiar with web and browsers. I am requesting you to withdraw this sentence. I have posted very much as usual and do not know why it should appear large. And, the very fact that you have commenced such remarks indicates, IMO, that you are not on solid ground now.
...
I am posting this also but reducing font size to 3. Earlier I was not looking into this at all. Kindly let me know how this appears.

Compared to the font size you used in your posts 394 and 395, the font size 3 in post 397, 398 and now in 400 looks bigger and emphasized all through, giving the impression of shouting, hence my entreaty. It is more comforting--what is obtaining in post no.397 and 398, and you can emphasize what you want to point out using the bold tag.

I am glad to note that you have 'no comments' about the references to pulam->pulan->Vedas. As regards your other observation in the post about the brahmins of the Sangham time, I shall look up and try to get back with my impression.
 
Dear Sri Saidevo Ji and Sri Sangom Ji,

Please do not get in to arguments about the size of the fonts.

I do not want anyone to get emotionally upset about the size of fonts with which one posts.

Obviously if one posts anything for a wrong purpose, I will moderate.

I also request all members not to use 'red' when they post, as I would like to use it as the color/style for the Moderator's messages.

Regards,
KRS
 
Dear Professor Nara Ji,

With all due respect, I Don't understand how one can just off handedly dismiss Sri Michel Danino's paper I have posted.

Seems to me that you are dismissing it more on the grounds of ideology than anything else. This I say, because for someone like me, he has shown why he says what he says - nothing to do with any of his ideology. Please, if you think differently, let me know the instances where either his evidences are faulty or his conclusions are. Because you have dismissed his entire thesis with a wave of your hand, I would hope that you will explain.

Now, there is one Professor Emeritus George L. Hart at Berkeley, that I know you are quite familiar with, who in an interview in 2007 'thrashed the idea that the Brahmins in TN promoted the supremacy of Sanskrit over Tamil'. I can nowhere find this citation. But it stands to reason that he would say so, because his whole academic stance was that Tamil and Sanskrit equal regarding their status as classic languages.

Besides, he says that both languages developed by borrowing from each other, with Sanskrit being more of a beneficiary.

So, as usual, when I think about the Brahmins in Tamil Nadu, I just can not but think the following:

1. Brahmins were the integrated part of the Tamil scene, and by the Sangam period, they were contributing to the 'Dravidian' culture through intellectual means and hence were called 'Anthanars' (a respectful word).

2. While there were folks who did not seem to approve of Brahminism in TN at that time, one needs to remember that in TN, a whole different spiritual system was developing based on Bhakthi, and the local integration of deities etc. in to the Brahminical concept was organic. Obviously by the preservation of those voices that were against Brahminism at that time can only be explained with the Catholic outlook of the rulers at that time.

3. TN has temples that were built based on agama shastra, and for this to happen, the kings who buit these temples must have viewed the brahmins who advised them on this with some kindness. So to argue that Brahminism was hated even dating back then does not make sense to me. Even the word 'Brahminism' is a recently coined word and is infused with negative connotations based on today's mores. During then in the past, I do not think that it carried such a negative connotation. The society then was different. Each village had an agraharam, the society accepted the caste concept and that was it. I do not think that this gave way to 'hating' brahmins by others - Brahmins were not in secular life then.

4. I really think that the whole problem started when the British came and needed administrators. They used the Brahmins, because of the tradition of learning and that was where the trouble started.

5. DK essentially used this for their political advantage. Was EVR an exemplary man? Yes, I think so. Because he came at a time when the hierarchical casteist Hindu society came apart and he understood the rules of the Modern society. But I consider anyone in history who hurts any other human being on earth, as not great. He wanted a separate Tamil State even after independence.

6. So to sum it up: TBs were not a hated group in TN till the English started favo ring more Brahmins as every where else in India for their administrative tasks.

They unfortunately had two distinct problems:
1. They wanted to continue the caste hierarchy (still do), because their Mathams
told them that that is the only way to preserve the existence of Vedas ( again, I ask, how, if one is from a traditional family, how does one override this?)

2. They are such a tiny minority in the state, they have no voice. No voice to promote their interests in the free India. This is why, Professor Nara Ji, your assertion that somehow as a community they are doing well is laughable.

This just sad. Is it wrong for a community to follow their culture?

I really feel that you and Sri sangom Ji have not addressed the reasons why we as TBs are hated in terms of shaping the official TN Govt. policies today.

I do not think that the TBs have anything to apologize for till when the British came, and probably till we gained the independence.

Regards,
KRS
 
Dear Sri Saidevo Ji and Sri Sangom Ji,

Please do not get in to arguments about the size of the fonts.

I do not want anyone to get emotionally upset about the size of fonts with which one posts.

Obviously if one posts anything for a wrong purpose, I will moderate.

I also request all members not to use 'red' when they post, as I would like to use it as the color/style for the Moderator's messages.

Regards,
KRS

Dear Shri KRS,

There is no emotion on my part except that Shri Saidevo need not have used the words "Do you think you can prove a point by presenting it in an irrititatingly enlarged font?" in his post # 399 which goes little personal. If you agree, you may kindly edit that.

Honestly, I did not care much as to how the fonts looked when I made the posting. But when I again went to that page late last night i also found the fonts too large and then tried to bring down their size. I could do so in the first post #397 but I do not get the edit mode for the next post despite my best efforts till late last night and today also.

In any case passing personal comments like the above is to be discouraged if you feel that the forum has to have a high sense of discipline. If you allow one person such latitude then others also have to be permitted.
 
I really feel that you and Sri sangom Ji have not addressed the reasons why we as TBs are hated in terms of shaping the official TN Govt. policies today.

I do not think that the TBs have anything to apologize for till when the British came, and probably till we gained the independence.

Regards,
KRS

Dear Shri KRS,

By your words "you and Sri sangom Ji have not addressed the reasons why we as TBs are hated in terms of shaping the official TN Govt. policies today", I think you are referring to the reservations policy of TN govt. Even here the GOI itself has laid down reservations and so in dealing with the "hate" factor of TN government, I feel we need consider only the additional 19% (over and above 50%) and that you do not expect the entire reservation policy of GOI to be treated as a result of TN govt's hate.

Since the Supreme Court itself has allowed the TN govt to continue the 69% till fresh data/statistics are taken, it has become legal. But a 50% reservation for jobs and something similar for higher education was mooted even during the British days. (I shall post excerpts from the book in a day or two.) Hence, if by "hate factor" you mean the reservations only, then such "hate" can be traced back to pre-Independence days themselves.

The question of apology is merely one of self-evaluation as a community. The difference in povs between you on the one side, Nara, myself, etc., on the other have been discussed in the past also.

One point which needs to be clarified is the statement that Tabras were not in "secular" jobs before the advent of the British. Is it not true that besides the "aRutozhil" prescribed for "antaNar", the Brahmans were engaged in Temple priests' job, employment under native kings mainly as teachers in village schools, royal messengers, etc., as (I remember) Saidevo stated somewhere in this thread itself?

Regarding Danino, he is considered as pseudo, helping hindutva lobby I believe. I shall furnish my observations in a day or two.
 
Dear Sri Sangom Ji,

The only point I am contesting is what Professor Nara Ji said, that the TN Brahmins were opposed from the Sangam times and he has cited your posting to support this view.

This gives the impression that somehow the Brahmin community had the same level of non-acceptability by the wider community for a very long time. I just do not think that this is the case. I also think that our community was engaged100% in the development of the Tamil culture through the Tamil literature and arts.

I have not heard of Sri Danino till I read his article. Even if he is being cited by any Hindutva forces, in my opinion, his work just can not be dismissed on the basis of that.

Regarding the reservation policies in TN and in India as a whole, my views are quite clear.

What I want to impart is that, yes Brahmins are not viewed positively in TN, as compared to other 3 Southern States. But, please, let us not ascribe it to the 'Brahminism' religion of those times. This just does not stand up to scrutiny and logic - it serves only to add to the propaganda of today to paint a whole community as bad, applying today's mores to yesterday's life.

Regards,
KRS
 
Dear Sri Sangom Ji,

The only point I am contesting is what Professor Nara Ji said, that the TN Brahmins were opposed from the Sangam times and he has cited your posting to support this view.

This gives the impression that somehow the Brahmin community had the same level of non-acceptability by the wider community for a very long time. I just do not think that this is the case. I also think that our community was engaged100% in the development of the Tamil culture through the Tamil literature and arts.

Dear Shri KRS,

While it may not be possible to exactly measure the comparative level of like or dislike which the Brahmans faced in those early days, the very fact that the word āriyar has been used to describe those who populated the himalayan regions and also that the cera king cenkuttuvan had imprisoned āriya kings, etc., show that the āriyans were perceived as separate entities. It is just another step to visualize whether the Brahmans owing complete allegience to the āriyan ideals would have merged into the Tamil society seamlessly or remained as oil in water.

Look at cilappatikaaram itself. Do we find such a divine status being attributed to a woman in the vedic lore? Let us keep the puranas out because there is high probability of puranas having been crafted to "engulf and devour" various native belief systems into the aryan religious scenario. Again, do we find the viRaliyar in the vedic lore?

What Danino does is to cleverly try to establish that the gods like amman, murukan, vEL, mADan, koRkai etc., were all from the aryan religion which is just not the truth.

Coming to the "contributions" of Brahmans, I do not think that theirs is any more significant than those of the non-Brahmans, except in the bhakti literature, in which also only the early Azhvars probably used purer Tamizh whereas the later people, including the Saiva trios had adopted the more sanskritized Tamizh. We may therefore say that the Brahmans contributed to sanskritization of original Tamizh (another topic which Danino avoids) to a great extent.

But you just say that "I just do not think that this is the case. I also think that our community was engaged100% in the development of the Tamil culture through the Tamil literature and arts.", and expect others to argue giving supporting evidence and all. This does not look fair to me. Kindly present your evidences first.


What I want to impart is that, yes Brahmins are not viewed positively in TN, as compared to other 3 Southern States. But, please, let us not ascribe it to the 'Brahminism' religion of those times. This just does not stand up to scrutiny and logic - it serves only to add to the propaganda of today to paint a whole community as bad, applying today's mores to yesterday's life.

Regards,
KRS
This is exactly what I said in my post addressed to S/Shri Saidevo and Suraju, which was not accepted. If we want to avoid such a contingency, it is better that all of us decide to refrain from discussing this topic. Otherwise it is not possible to exactly assess the "mores" of those ancient times and our discussions are most likely "only to add to the propaganda of today to paint a whole community as bad".

You are in the privileged position to take a policy decision on this matter.
 
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Dear Sri Sangom Ji,

I have no data point to disagree or agree on the point of the Tamil Society in the times you speak of being either antoganistic or friendly to what you term as 'Aryas'.

What all I am saying is this: Seems like the TN Brahmins starting with Tolkappier (may be Agasthier himself), had a profound impact on the Tamil culture. Now, if the Tamil society then did not accept these Brahmins who followed them as 'dravidians' what prevented from expelling them outright or discriminating against them?

We do not find such instances. On the contrary, we find them well integrated in to the society and the only large scale jarring note we find is when EVR arrived at the scene. Can you prove that there were upheavals against the Brahmins to the tune of what EVR did, before his time?

If you can show me that, then I agree that the caste system was not accepted by the TN people for a very long time and it was forced upon them.

I thought, we are discussing in this thread, how historically our forefathers raped the non brahmins and hence the existing hatred. Is this not the premise of this thread?

Regards,
KRS
 
Dear Sangom Sir, Your words are in quote:
Dear Shri Suraju,
Its author is one orampokiyār, a.k.a. orampotiyār, orerpokiyār. This person is held to be a tiller (uzhavar), a kāmpotiyar, etc. (Ref: Commentary of U.Ve. Swaminatha Aiyar). If the statement that the author was a kāmpotiyar, indicates that he is not of ancient Tamizh descent, it is but natural that he would include pārppār otuka (may the seers, Brahmans, recite). A tiller and bard may not be expected to deal with how the society looked upon its particular sections, especially when dealing with a household as the topic.

(1)What is it that make this poet “not of ancient tamil descent”? Could you please elaborate. What makes it natural for the bard , if he is not of ancient tamil origin, to make him say paarpaar othuka? It appears you are very opinionated about ancient tamils.
(2)If a tiller and a bard is not expected to deal with how the society looked upon its particular sections who else is expected to do that? And what are the underlying reasons for this statement?

Even granting that the reference in the above verse is not uncomplimentary to pārppār, it does not appear to me as if it is in praise of the 'pārppār'; it is part of well-wishing, not praise. If it is agreed that what the pārppār were reciting was the sanskrit vedas and that it was their (sole) occupation — as stated in your explanatory words "வேதம் முதலானவை ஓதுதல் அவர்தம் தொழில்" — is it not clear that in a society which used Tamizh in all its transactions, including this verse, a set of people whose "occupation" itself was reciting vedas, and related scriptures, would have been a real contrast and peculiarity, if not something sticking out like a sore thumb?
You do not wish well unless you have some regard and love for some one or something. Moreover this poet continuously in the next few poems wishes this way:
“நெல் பல பொலிக . பொன் பெரிது சிறக்க ,விளைக வயலே , வருக இரவலர் ,ஊரன் கேண்மை வழி வழிச் சிறக்க ,, பால் பல ஊறுக , பகடு பல சிறக்க . வாழ்க்கை பொலிக , etc. If you read this in that context you will understand that the poet was only wishing the Brahmins to chant so that Aathan’s country prospered. The wellwishers wish well only if they think some one is doing something good and hence are liked.

Yes the Vedas were in Sanskrit no doubt but the ordinary man did not think that it really mattered. Today you and I who speak in English and even discuss this subject in English here right now are not looked at as strange creatures by the society. Similarly for the common man then it was clear that he had no time to study scriptures and Brahmins devoted time to that particular endeavor. What they chanted was about God and that was enough for the common man. If Brahmins of that era were sore thumbs you and I too are sore thumbs today!!

And I suppose you, or saidevo do not claim that at any point of time such veda-reciting pārppār were in the majority of Tamizh Nadu.

Yes I do not claim that.

In such a scenario, taking ordinary human nature into account, will it not be nearer to the truth to conclude that the then Tamizh society, comprising of different groups of people like aḷavar, iṭaiyar, iyavar, umaṇar, uḻavar, kaṭampar,etc., did not show any intolerance to this exotic group engaged in reciting some alien tongue

It is the same ordinary human nature which makes my villagers not to show any intolerance to me and my friends, though we are not an exotic group ( by the way I am not sure what is so exotic about the situation) whenever we visit our village and speak in English among ourselves. You would sure agree that English is as much an alien tongue as Sanskrit is to the idaiyar, ulavar etc quoted by you who live in our villages even today. Sangom Sir, In old tamil society the people did not have politicians among them who had a need to sell hatred, tell lies and divide and rule. You were accepted with all your special beliefs and practices and even peculiarities as long as you did not interfere adversely with the life of others because the society recognized that you are as much a part of the society as every one else is and hence there was no malice. Edtd - KRS You are far far away from truth.

Cheers.
 
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than to subscribe to the view that the pārppār were already a part and parcel of the Tamizh society, a view for which there is no possibility in view of the pārppār's allegience to something which was foreign to Tamizh language and the Tamizh culture itself?

How did you come to the conclusion that paarpars had allegiance only to Sanskrit to the exclusion of Tamil? And how did you conclude that their culture was foreign to Tamil culture? These are at best only your impressions from this distance of time after the events. I believe from the available evidences that the paarpars were seen as part of the Tamil Society and were held in respect because of their life style. For this I have given evidences from Tamil Literature itself. Can you quote a single line from the ancient literature to show that Paarpaars were hated, were seen as alien sore thumbs, foreigners with a bad culture etc.? Please do not look at history with the partisan glasses. As Saidevo has correctly mentioned , it is only after the Britishers came that the seeds of hatred and alienation were sowed in the minds of ordinary people.


In regard to the next example from kalittokai, it seems to me that the use of the description "mukkor pakavar" or tridaṇḍi sanyāsis can be said to refer to some wandering ascetics carrying three "staffs"; though this is indicative of vaishnavaite ascetics alone today, we cannot be sure as to what type of wandering mendicants it then referred to and whether they were the ājīvikas. The fact that they are depicted as roaming (wandering) asceticsm increases such a possibility. The other qualifications, viz.,'எறித்தரு கதிர்தாங்கி ஏந்திய குடைநிழல், உறித்தாழ்ந்த கரகமும், உரைசான்ற முக்கோலும், நெறிப்படச்சுவல் அசைஇ, வேறு ஓரா நெஞ்சத்துக் குறிப்பு இவள செயல் மாலைக் கொளை நடை அந்தணீர்' etc., will fit in even if the "mukkor pakavar" were ājīvikas. [Jain traditions hold that the Ajivikas declined after Asoka's time in north-India and the main references to them come in Tamil literature. There is evidence that they survived in South India until the fourteenth century. It seems that at the end there were two schools of Ajivikas. One was absorbed by the devotional Vaishnavas, the other was closer to Gosala's original teachings and was absorbed by the Digambara

The jain ascetics belonging to the extinct ajivikas sects carried just a wooden staff and not a tridandi. The tridandi is an exclusive feature of SV ascetics and there is a reason behind that. The three wooden staffs tied together (அரசு , புரசு and மூங்கில் ) represent the conviction that there are only three thathvas chit, achit and Eswara and these tridandams are exclusive to thridandi sanyasis only. (please refer to Yathi dharma Samuchchayam for more info on this) So the term முக்கோட் பகவர் means only the Brahmin sanyasis of that time. And note that the poet is calling the sanyasi by the word பெரும which means பெரியோனே (அன்னாரிருவரை காணீரோ பெரும ). Indicating respect in which they were held. Also please refer to “நூலே கரக முக்கோன் மணையே, ஆயுங்காலை அந்தணர்க்குரிய ” in Tholkappiyam. So the reference in the given poem refers only to the thridandi sanyasis of SV sect and not to the ajivikhas.

Hence this verse just does not reveal that the Brahmans of the time had become part and parcel of the Tamizh society and adapted itself to the Tamizh culture, Tamizh religion and the belief system of the Tamizh people, which is the point I had emphasized in my post # 219

I am questioning the very notion that a community should give up every cultural trait of it to completely disappear into the mainstream of rest of the communities(even if all the other various communities may retain their individual cultural traits to various extents) to be recognized as native to that culture. If a community steadfastly refuses to do that, fights the homogenization fervour and spurns that sort of a recognition, that would not take away the fact that that independent community is native and not alien to that larger culture. Thus your “becoming part and parcel” has the quid pro quo of ‘ give up every thing and merge for getting the recognition’ carrot dangling. Brahmins refuse to accept that kind of a quid pro quo. What do you mean by adopting tamil culture? What is the tamil religion you are talking about? And the belief-system? In what all aspects Brahmins have not fallen into the groove ? Will you please answer? The Brahmins of that era as well as the Brahmins of this time are only as much alien as Mr. Ratan Tata is to Indians.Mr. Tata is a parsee and you surely know the culture of parsees.

Cheers.
 
"I am trying to deal with just one of the many qualifications attributed to TBs, viz., TBs were pure Tamils. I am not going into the genetic aspects because that science was not in the scene when these developments took place. But otherwise, here is a southern corner of the peninsula which has had a distinct language, which, as spoken by the non-erudite masses, is mostly free from the sanskrit language influence.

I do not know what is a pure tamil. But TBs were as much tamils as the rest of the communities that made up the tamil society in the sangam time. Even today this is the situation. Tamil was indeed a distinct language as Sanskrit was and both languages benefited from an interaction. In this interaction there is no need to mix up TBs.

It also became evident that this Tamizh language had a great literary history and its development was free from the vedic or sanskritic influences and presented a society with a sufficiently developed social structure. Amidst this sea of ordinary masses was a small group, holding allegiance to an entirely different culture, religion, scriptures in an alien language and which, at every other step, would convince an impartial student that this small group was living at best as ambassadors of an entirely different era, people, culture, religion and belief system."

I have no dispute with your first sentence above. Edtd - KRS

Let me now bring the following verse for consideration :
சிலப்பதிகாரம், வஞ்சிக் காண்டம் - வரந்தரு காதை, 160

அருஞ் சிறை நீங்கிய ஆரிய மன்னரும்
பெரும் சிறைக்கோட்டம் பிரிந்த மன்னரும்
குடகக்கொங்கரும் மாளுவ வேந்தரும்
கடல் சூழ் இலங்கைக் கயவாகு வேந்தனும் ...

அருஞ் சிறை நீங்கிய ஆரிய மன்னரும் = அப்பொழுது நீங்குதற்கரிய சிறைக் கோட்டத்தினின்றும் நீங்கிப்போந்த ஆரிய நாட்டரசரும்
This is evidence from Sangam literature itself recognizing the Aryans as separate from them (the Tamizh people). This is in cilappatikāram, which is dated around the second century A.D., and thus the Aryan-Dravidian (non-Aryan) distinction existed then itself. What happened in recent history is, therefore, not a fresh mischief invented by the British or EVR/DK/DMK.

Yes there is a reference to a Ariya Mannar. That does not mean that this ariya mannan was an alien mannan. Even if there is any such indication we should remember that for the pandya, Chola was an alien and for the Chera, Pandya was an alien in those days. There is the history which gives in detail how a Chola King after defeating a Pandya king in war destroyed the capital city of pandya and finally to complete the celebration used donkeys to plough the destroyed city’s surface. At least the anthanars/paarpaars/ Brahmins of Tamil Society never participated in such naked exhibition of hatred. Truth being this you are talking eloquent about the integral tamil society and the ‘alien’ Brahmins living as members in that society! Edtd - KRS For Britishers it was plain convenience to rule the country. For DK/Periyar & DMK it was political power for which the Brahmins have to be discredited and swept away.

There are other evidences also for Dravidian being a language distinct from prakrit/Sanskrit.

This is a statement of the obvious. No one disputed this with one small correction please replace the word Dravidian with the word Tamil.


I do not find the simile here. Still, my point is the eldest brother (does it smack of tabra superiority in a veiled manner?) would normally have grown under the care of parents and followed the same customs, beliefs, practices etc., at least until he became an adult. Later he could change as he wanted. Is that the case with Tabras? Can we prove with supporting evidence that the Brahmans of Tamil Nadu were just like the other groups mentioned in various Cangam works (velir, uzhavor, umanar, kadambar, velan, vetan, etc.,), that there was a time when the tabras lived with the same set of religious beliefs and customs and sacred literature which the others followed, but changed subsequently because of external influence from the north and adopted the vedic Brahman beliefs, customs, practices, scriptures, etc., and studied sanskrit for that purpose. If such proof is available, perhaps the brothers comparison will be acceptable, even assailable.

Dear Sangom Sir, You have the knack of seeing ghosts where even a shadow does not exist. I am a younger brother in my family and my elder brother practices perfect democracy in the family matters. So I am new to the very idea of superiority that comes with birth/age. Yes, there is no evidence to prove that the Brahmins were any different from the uzhavar, umanor, kadambar, velan etc., in as much as each group had a role in the society and they played their role perfectly with no malice towards the others. Each had their distinct practices and belief systems and value systems and they lived in perfect harmony. Can you please prove the opposite of this? For one who can understand society and every thing else only in a binary context, (superior/inferior, native/alien, we/them etc.) one exists only as long as the other exists: without one the other cannot exist. This is the fallacy which is predominantly visible in all your arguments so far.
 
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namaste shrI KRS and shrI Sangom.

1. IMO I too did not react emotionally, but still, I told Sangom that I was sorry in post no.403, if he took was hurt by remark. In that same post I have shown how his post looked against normal text.

2. Nevertheless, I have no problem if KRS chooses to edit my remark wherever it appears.
 
Let us understand properly the contexts in which the term Ariyar was used in the ancient Tamizh texts.

Ariyar
Paraphrased from the book: Tamizhaha andhaNar varalARu, vol.1, pp.285-288
by K.C.Lakshminarayanan, LKM Publications, T.Nagar, Chennai

To one researching the Tamizh texts, it would be clear that Tamizhs referred to the people of the Northern country as Ariyar. As some people allege, the term Ariyar does not appear to denote people of a specific jAti--caste, or kulam--lineage.

• This would be explicit from the custom of the Tamizh texts which refer to the street dancers from the North as AriyakkUtthar, the kings of the Northern regions as Ariya arasar and their army comprising people of various castes as AriyappaDai.

• An Ariya arasan, that is a king from the north named Brigadattan learned the Tamizh language from Pulavar Kapilar, who composed the kurinjippATTu (the eight among the PatthuppATTu collection--sd) to teach him the highlights of the language and culture.

• Another Ariya arasan named Brahmadattan was a Pulavan--poet, in the Madurai Tamizh Sangham and has composed Tamizh verses. He not only studied the literary texts of this land, but learnt its unique music too and became an expert in playing the musical instrument yAzh, which earned him the reference yAzh Brahmadattan.
(Ref: Nalluraik kOvai by Dr.U.VE.sA. pp 108, 109)

*****

Ariyak kUtthu--Aryan dance, in Tamizhaham

The Ariyak kUtthu is also referred to by the names kazhaikkUtthu, kazhAykkUtthu and kAlindam (SillappadhikAram, ArangETRu kAthai,12--ADiyArkku nallAr's commentary, and Chennai Tamizhp pErakarAdi 1 & 2). AriyakkUtthu is the dance performances of the Ariyars on the ropes tied between bamboo sticks errected on the ground (which also included pole-dancing).

• By these lines occuring in ADiyArkku nallAr's commentary on SillappadhikAram, it is known that the AriyakkUtthu was also referred to by the term chEdam:

ஆரியம் தமிழெனும் சீர்நடம் இரண்டிலும்
ஆதிக் கதையை அவற்றிற் கொப்ப
சேதித் திடுவது சேதமென்று ஆகும்.

Ariyam tamizhenum chIr~naDam iraNDilum
Adik kathaiyai avaRRiR koppa
chEdit thiDuvadu chEdamenRu Agum.

"To adopt (chEditthal) the original story according to the requirements of the two dances, Ariyam and Tamizh."

Kapilar in kurinjippATTu 193-195, has mentioned that this AriyakkUtthu was mostly performed in the kurinji region.

kuRuntogai 7:3-6 speaks about the ஆரியர் கயிறாடு பறை--Ariyar kayiRADu paRai--the drum sounded when the Ariyar perform their pole and rope dance.

• The proverb

ஆரியக் கூத்தாடினாலும் காரியத்தில் கண்

Ariyak kUtthADinAlum kAriyatthil kaN

"Although performing the AriyakkUtthu, the eye is on what the mind is preoccupied."

refers to the skill required to perform the Ariyak kUtthu.

kavikkO Abdul Rahman says: "Buddhar perumAn, in what LankA was known as ARatthIvu--dhammadhIpam, destroyed the native iyakkargaL and entrusted the administration of the island with the Sinhalese King was an Aryan, says the Sinhalese texts. The Sinhalese used the term Aryan to denote that they were nobler than the Tamizhs."

From the above references, it should be clear that the Aryans are not foreigners who came from outside India, that they were of this country, and that the term Aryan denoted one who was noble and wise, rather than just the brahmins.
 
Dear Shri KRS,

...I Don't understand how one can just off handedly dismiss Sri Michel Danino's paper I have posted.

Seems to me that you are dismissing it more on the grounds of ideology than anything else.
On the contrary, I think Danino's views are ideologically motivated. I find his paper utterly lacking in academic rigor. If you find him persuasive, that is fine, I don't.

Please, if you think differently, let me know the instances where either his evidences are faulty or his conclusions are. Because you have dismissed his entire thesis with a wave of your hand, I would hope that you will explain.
You have cited a long paper and are asking me to critique it. Once before you did the same thing, and I took the bait and did just that. I even contacted one of the authors of the paper, which BTW was a well written one, published in a peer reviewed academic journal. Finally you just refused to accept even the author's own clarification.

Now, you have cited a long paper, published in the author's own web site and with a statement from the author that a summarized version of the paper was presented at some Vedic Workshop and a seminar on origins of united vedic culture. This paper so obviously lacks any academic authenticity I am surprised you are taking it so seriously. Anyway, why must I spend my time reading through and refute such a paper, which I am sure you will simply refuse to accept in the end.

If you think this paper is convincing, then fine, let it be so. I have already spent more time on this paper than I should have.

One more thing, IMO, it is unfair to simply cite a paper and demand that it be refuted. I think you should first summarize the paper, make your points, give references, and then ask those disagree with the points to refute them.


Now, there is one Professor Emeritus George L. Hart at Berkeley,
Unlike Danino, Prof. Hart has impressive credentials and has spent a life-time studying Tamil and Sanskrit. His views must be given serious consideration. He does say that Brahmins made significant contributions to Tamil literature. This is not in dispute at all. Prof. Hart is quite sympathetic to the role of Brahmins in Tamil country. But, that is strictly on a literary level, not on a social level. The point of contention here is not about Brahmin contribution to Tamil literature, but only how they were viewed/treated socially.

I am not familiar where and in what context, as you say, Hart, "thrashed the idea that the Brahmins in TN promoted the supremacy of Sanskrit over Tamil". Please cite a reference for this 2007 interview please. The context must be clear to fully understand what he was saying, if you have quoted his words accurately.

The only point I am contesting is what Professor Nara Ji said, that the TN Brahmins were opposed from the Sangam times and he has cited your posting to support this view.
Not just Shri Sangom's excellent compilations, but I think I made a good case in my post #381. The one thing that I did not mention in that post is the fact that Brahminism was almost eliminated from Tamil country during the Kalabhra period. So, I think there was opposition to Brahmins even at that time, perhaps more severe than the present times.

Brahmins always made nice with the people wielding political power, often occupying the king-maker positions. This gave them enormous clout. Not all Brahmins used this clout wisely. Compounding this was branding everyone else as Shudras and the practice of ritual separation from them all. In an undemocratic political system they were able to go on without any opposition due to the royal patronage they enjoyed. Still we see textual evidence of opposition to Brahminism all along Tamil literary history. The Brits did take advantage of the divisions, but they are not the root cause for the divisions themselves.

Cheers!
 
Dear Sri suraju06 Ji,

I have edited out several of your sentences in a couple of your posts above addressed to Sri Sangom Ji. Your expressions in these edited out sentences are either direct attacks on his personna or are edging towards it.

I don't understand what you gain by doing this? This only lessens the effect of your otherwise solid arguments.

If I see one more such attack, I will take further actions. So, please be careful what you write.

Regards,
KRS
 
Dear Professor Nara Ji,
My response in blue below:

Dear Shri KRS,

On the contrary, I think Danino's views are ideologically motivated. I find his paper utterly lacking in academic rigor. If you find him persuasive, that is fine, I don't.
Can you tell me why do you think so? Does the lack of rigor, if it exists also negates his arguments and how?

You have cited a long paper and are asking me to critique it. Once before you did the same thing, and I took the bait and did just that. I even contacted one of the authors of the paper, which BTW was a well written one, published in a peer reviewed academic journal. Finally you just refused to accept even the author's own clarification.
I did not agree with the author when he was spousing his opinion that the quota system should continue, even though his own research showed that there was scant correlation between BC&BT advancement and the quota system. His opinion was not rooted in the results of his study, rather it was based on his own ideology as yours and so I did not accept it.

Again, it seems to me that instead of accepting the fact that the quota system did not have any measurable impact on the uplifting of the disadvantaged folks, you still want to continue it!

You have this particular outlook that just because one may have an agenda to push means that one's research and citations are not valid. Of course conveniently, you dismiss these out of hand, by either demonizing the person or saying that the person has a particular agenda! Seems to me, this is a very convenient tool to use when you can not adequately counter the points raised, point by point.


Now, you have cited a long paper, published in the author's own web site and with a statement from the author that a summarized version of the paper was presented at some Vedic Workshop and a seminar on origins of united vedic culture. This paper so obviously lacks any academic authenticity I am surprised you are taking it so seriously. Anyway, why must I spend my time reading through and refute such a paper, which I am sure you will simply refuse to accept in the end.
You do not need to, sir. I did not say that this is a serious academic paper, I said it seems so. I did not know anything about this person till I came across this citation in Wkipedia.

You don't need to waste your time, if you are not inclined to do so. I only disagreed with your statements, when I disagreed with them on factual grounds.


If you think this paper is convincing, then fine, let it be so. I have already spent more time on this paper than I should have.
Okay.

One more thing, IMO, it is unfair to simply cite a paper and demand that it be refuted. I think you should first summarize the paper, make your points, give references, and then ask those disagree with the points to refute them.
Dear brother, I thought you were the one arguing that the Brahmins were hated even during the Sangam period by some. I cited this paper to question that validity as a universal truth. Does not matter if you respond or not.


Unlike Danino, Prof. Hart has impressive credentials and has spent a life-time studying Tamil and Sanskrit. His views must be given serious consideration. He does say that Brahmins made significant contributions to Tamil literature. This is not in dispute at all. Prof. Hart is quite sympathetic to the role of Brahmins in Tamil country. But, that is strictly on a literary level, not on a social level. The point of contention here is not about Brahmin contribution to Tamil literature, but only how they were viewed/treated socially.
I can not compare the two. But I also came across Professor Hart only a couple of days ago. But tell me one thing - how does one separate the role that is responsible for the pride of dravidian culture, namely Tamil and not say it could not have been carried over socially? Just does not make sense to me. If I am vilified in a foreign land socially, why would I take up the study of that land's language to the tune of improving it, while the supposition is that I am more enamored with my mother tongue, which was Sanskrit? One can not separate out and compartmentalize these things.

I am not familiar where and in what context, as you say, Hart, "thrashed the idea that the Brahmins in TN promoted the supremacy of Sanskrit over Tamil". Please cite a reference for this 2007 interview please. The context must be clear to fully understand what he was saying, if you have quoted his words accurately.
Sorry it was a speech. Please read, Criticism of Tamil Brahmins - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The speech citation was posted here in our Forum long time ago by Sri Lotus-Quartz Ji, but the original citation is now gone.


Not just Shri Sangom's excellent compilations, but I think I made a good case in my post #381. The one thing that I did not mention in that post is the fact that Brahminism was almost eliminated from Tamil country during the Kalabhra period. So, I think there was opposition to Brahmins even at that time, perhaps more severe than the present times.

Brahmins always made nice with the people wielding political power, often occupying the king-maker positions. This gave them enormous clout. Not all Brahmins used this clout wisely. Compounding this was branding everyone else as Shudras and the practice of ritual separation from them all. In an undemocratic political system they were able to go on without any opposition due to the royal patronage they enjoyed. Still we see textual evidence of opposition to Brahminism all along Tamil literary history. The Brits did take advantage of the divisions, but they are not the root cause for the divisions themselves.
Brahmins fate of existence waxed and waned besed on the condition of Hinduism at any time in the past. I did not say that there was no opposition to Brahminism at any time. But from the way of village life, it seems to me that this can not be overtly emphasised looking through today's values. If that were the uniform case, the 3% of the population would have been easily driven out / wiped out.

Cheers!

Regards,
KRS
 
Dear Sri suraju06 Ji,

I have edited out several of your sentences in a couple of your posts above addressed to Sri Sangom Ji. Your expressions in these edited out sentences are either direct attacks on his personna or are edging towards it.

I don't understand what you gain by doing this? This only lessens the effect of your otherwise solid arguments.

If I see one more such attack, I will take further actions. So, please be careful what you write.

Regards,
KRS

Dear KRS Sir,
This is not a complaint and I am not disputing your decision.I know I am not supposed to. You have edited out seven of my sentences and I find that the thrust of my argument has not been affected by this editing. I hold every one who comes here with their views in respect and as far as my posts are concerned, I am focused and intense when i take up some thing in my hand. Of course I do understand that at times form is more important than even the content. I will continue to post. When I find that the things are becoming too intrusive, I will just quit without making any announcement because I know I am not supposed to make any such announcement. Cheers.
 
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namaste Raju.

The mistake you made in the edited portion of your post no.412 was the personal reference 'you'. You--notice that my saying you here is a personal reference of course, but harmless--could have presented your observation in these words:

"The problem is that some people out there are looking at that society with all their accumulated prejudices, opinions, malice and deeply indoctrinated mind set. It is no wonder such minds are assuming intolerance as natural in that society. IMO we should not fall prey to such tantrums of minds with vested interests."

You can even say:

"The problem is that the reformers here are looking at that society with all their accumulated prejudices, opinions, malice and deeply indoctrinated mind set. It is no wonder they are assuming intolerance as natural in that society."

Raju, your posts have very good information defending our tradition, you have a unique perception like Vivek, so I think you should not make his mistake. Please continue with your debate, presenting your emotional frustrations --which happen to everyone of us--in the way I have indicated above.

shrI KRS, I hope you won't deem this post of mine as a reflection on your action in editing the posts of Raju.

Regards,
saidevo

Dear KRS Sir,
This is not a complaint and I am not disputing your decision.I know I am not supposed to. You have edited out seven of my sentences and I find that the thrust of my argument has not been affected by this editing. I hold every one who comes here with their views in respect and as far as my posts are concerned, I am focused and intense when i take up some thing in my hand. Of course I do understand that at times form is more important than even the content. I will continue to post. When I find that the things are becoming too intrusive, I will just quit without making any announcement because I know I am not supposed to make any such announcement. Cheers.
 
namaste Raju.

The mistake you made in the edited portion of your post no.412 was the personal reference 'you'. You--notice that my saying you here is a personal reference of course, but harmless--could have presented your observation in these words:

"The problem is that some people out there are looking at that society with all their accumulated prejudices, opinions, malice and deeply indoctrinated mind set. It is no wonder such minds are assuming intolerance as natural in that society. IMO we should not fall prey to such tantrums of minds with vested interests."

You can even say:

"The problem is that the reformers here are looking at that society with all their accumulated prejudices, opinions, malice and deeply indoctrinated mind set. It is no wonder they are assuming intolerance as natural in that society."

Raju, your posts have very good information defending our tradition, you have a unique perception like Vivek, so I think you should not make his mistake. Please continue with your debate, presenting your emotional frustrations --which happen to everyone of us--in the way I have indicated above.

shrI KRS, I hope you won't deem this post of mine as a reflection on your action in editing the posts of Raju.

Regards,
saidevo

Dear Saidevo Sir,
Thank you.
Cheers.
 
i would agree with sai, that one should be able to express their views inoffensively. what is offence? it is what is perceived by the one it is addressed to. in this case sangom (and self included) would find raju's notes targetted sangom personally, and not at sangom's ideas.

a timely post by sai towards a better forum. thank you.
 
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KRS Sir says
I do not think that the TBs have anything to apologize for till when the British came, and probably till we gained the independence.
I only partially agree with you sir. TBS had deteriorated in values from the times of Silapadikaram. Even in 17 th century we did not meet the standards of the brahmins as described in that text. But as a community( nobody can defend entire set of individuals), by and large, we have not indulged in things like stealing money and land, torturing lower sections etc. I think the average brahmin of that time seemed to be focussed on the welfare of his family as a primary goal, lokakshemam was somehow subordinate to his selfish goals and desire for comforts that could be fit in with his desire to live by his shastras. What I meant is that, they were not specifically womanizers or drinkers or lived lavish lives, but they did not spend time thinking about , helping the lower sections interested in spirituality. Isnt it the duty of the brahmin, not to focus on his own rituals alone,but be as a guru to the society. When someone vacates one's responsibility another is ready to take over. But I do agree that our ancestors deserved recognition for being lamps in world enveloped in darkness. There is ample evidence that even in 17 th century maharastrians and others had a high respect for tamil brahmins. The people who criticize us, need to examine how their own ancestors were towards( sections lower to them) and to their own women.
 
......"The problem is that some people out there are looking at that society with all their accumulated prejudices, opinions, malice and deeply indoctrinated mind set. It is no wonder such minds are assuming intolerance as natural in that society. IMO we should not fall prey to such tantrums of minds with vested interests."

You can even say:

"The problem is that the reformers here are looking at that society with all their accumulated prejudices, opinions, malice and deeply indoctrinated mind set. It is no wonder they are assuming intolerance as natural in that society."
Dear Saidevo, is it not even better to say these people are saying this, but the facts are different and here is why. Why we reformers say what we say is best known to us, why even go there? The observation that reformers have accumulated prejudice and malice does not add any value to the argument, it only inflames the situation.

Cheers!
 
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