So a person need not be a brahmin to attain self realisation. He has to be a Human first and last. He shoud have love to his fellow beings as well as animals.
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Let us first learn to love our parents, family members, fellow humans neighbours. The rest will follow
A brahmin is supposed to spend his entire life in the study, understanding and practice fo the vedas. When one lives as per the edicts of the vedas, moksham is assured, provided one has exhausted all karmas.
Self-realisation is different; it is only in advaitham that self-realisation is equated to moksham.
We should all have love and attachement in this world; that is implicit. But the actual requirement is to live as per the shasthras; whenever a conflict arises, one has to honour the dharmashasthras and not any other alternative.
You are right. There have been cases of even animals attaining self realization.
Even following rituals is not necessary for self realization.
Not so fast. If you are referring to Gajendra and Jatayu, they attained moksham i.e., vaikuntam, not self-realisation. Moksham is one step above self-realisation.
Rituals are necessary to cleanse the mind of the effects of rajas & thamas. Even if a person is enlightened, karmas have to be performed regularly, as they serve two purposes
-> As long as this
'shareera' exists, the three gunas will have their effect, and hence karmas must be done to negate them...
-> We are prone to take whatever suits us, fromt he lives of the enlightened. In this case, it would only be too easy to others to say that X has not performed karmas & so I do not need to do it.
Of course, advaitham has the exception as, on accepting
sanyasam, they discard all outside attachments to the material world.