Shri KRS, I am not this pessimistic about human nature. IMO, humans by and large are decent. They do operate in self-interest, but, often that self-interest itself means cooperation and taking into account the interests of others, a kind of I scratch your back, you scratch my back arrangement, or, at the very least a mutual agreement to leave each other alone.
I think that this altruism comes from a higher source - not just from survival instincts. Empathy in fully evolved, spiritual folks is Universal.
When we were hunter/gatherers we had to cooperate with each other within a tribe -- no higher power than survival and reproductive imperative was needed. Of course when rival tribes encroached on each others territory there was bloodshed, and once again no higher power than the pangs of certain organs were at the root of these clashes. In his book "Guns, Germs, and Steel", Jared Diamond observes such clashes between hunter/gatherer tribes in New Guinea, no higher-power seemed to have intervened and prevented these deadly clashes.
I was not talking about GOD intervening in the daily lives of people. I don't understand how this relates to belief in Gods. If you take away God, they would still be behaving the same way. It is tribalism.
The advent of agriculture gave rise to small villages which grew to large cities. People had to deal with strangers on a regular basis and secular laws were devised to keep them from killing each other. Secular laws were sufficient for this purpose. But, soon, rich and ruling class rose and it became imperative for them to keep the plentiful poor and the powerless from rising up. Secular laws were not sufficient for this, they needed something else, something that will make them willingly be subservient. God, religion, life after death, heaven and hell were invented. To maintain order we do not need anything more than secular man-made laws, but an invented higher-power, and some priestly mumbo-jumbo, makes it easy to keep a population subjugated.
I do not share your view that religion was 'invented' to control the masses. May be people's sentiments in the belief of God/Religion were misused. I think the religious inclination of a human being is innate. As I have said before, most brilliant scientists are either deists or outright theists. There are very few atheists among them
I think most people are decent and will cooperate with each other for mutual benefit. In matters that are ambiguous they need well articulated laws so that they can act within them. Those who willfully go outside these laws, for the most part, are not going to be deterred by claims of higher-power and punishment after death. They are more likely to be deterred by man-made laws with consequences much more real and immediate.
I don't know what evidence you have to claim this human type of deterrence? 'God fearing' is a very commonly used word.
Also, if we look around various nations, the ones that are ruled by the so-called laws given by god are far more brutal than the ones ruled by man-made secular ones. Canada, where secular laws are supreme, is much more of a just nation than say Saudi Arabia or Iran where god-given laws are supreme.
'Just nation' is an ideal, that the people in those countries want. In their evolution, you can not impose your ideas on them, if they do not want it. Education over time will resolve these issues, not banishing God.
I think it is a fallacy to expect nature to produce any kind of human notion of fairness. When a lioness chases a zebra who could one root for? To expect an explanation for such randomness in our life is a fallacy. As humans we need to try our best to alleviate the harsh realities nature sometimes doles out.
Who says life is fair? Is that not the basic tenet of the Karma theory? I do not see 'randomness' in life as you do. As Einstein put it : 'God does not play dice with nature' and I agree with him.
Cheers!